Bhatt Kirti, Kato Mitsuo, Natarajan Rama
Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California.
Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Jan 15;310(2):F109-18. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2015. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced short noncoding regulatory RNAs that can repress gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. They can therefore influence both normal and pathological conditions in diverse biological systems. Several miRNAs have been detected in kidneys, where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of renal disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and others, due to their effects on key genes involved in these disease processes. miRNAs have also emerged as novel biomarkers in these renal disorders. Due to increasing evidence of their actions in various kidney segments, in this mini-review we discuss the functional significance of altered miRNA expression during the development of renal pathologies and highlight emerging miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for early detection and treatment of kidney diseases.
微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性产生的短链非编码调节RNA，可通过转录后机制抑制基因表达。因此，它们可影响多种生物系统中的正常和病理状况。在肾脏中已检测到多种miRNA，发现它们对肾脏发育和正常生理功能至关重要，并且由于它们对参与这些疾病过程的关键基因的影响，也是糖尿病肾病、急性肾损伤、狼疮性肾炎、多囊肾病等肾脏疾病发病机制的重要促成因素。miRNA也已成为这些肾脏疾病中的新型生物标志物。由于越来越多的证据表明它们在肾脏各节段中的作用，在本综述中，我们讨论了肾脏病理发展过程中miRNA表达改变的功能意义，并强调了基于miRNA的新兴治疗方法以及用于肾脏疾病早期检测和治疗的诊断策略。
