Wilhelm C L, Yarovinsky F
Departments of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA.
Parasite Immunol. 2014 Sep;36(9):409-20. doi: 10.1111/pim.12115.
Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are intracellular protozoan parasites that establish infection through the small intestinal bowel after the ingestion of contaminated food products. These Apicomplexan parasites have emerged as an important cause of chronic and fatal disease in immunodeficient individuals, in addition to being investigated as possible triggers of inflammatory bowel disease. T. gondii disseminates to the brain and other tissues after infection, whereas C. parvum remains localized to the intestine. In the following review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of these parasitic diseases in the small intestine, the site of initial invasion. Themes include the sequence of invasion, the structure of Th1 immunity provoked by these parasites and the contribution of intestinal microbiota to the development of the mucosal immune response.
刚地弓形虫和微小隐孢子虫是细胞内原生动物寄生虫，摄入受污染的食品后会通过小肠引发感染。除了被研究作为炎症性肠病的可能触发因素外，这些顶复门寄生虫已成为免疫缺陷个体慢性和致命疾病的重要病因。刚地弓形虫感染后会扩散至大脑和其他组织，而微小隐孢子虫则局限于肠道。在以下综述中，我们将讨论这些寄生虫病在小肠（初始入侵部位）的发病机制。主题包括入侵顺序、这些寄生虫引发的Th1免疫结构以及肠道微生物群对黏膜免疫反应发展的作用。
