Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Mucosal Immunol. 2014 Jul;7(4):744-52. doi: 10.1038/mi.2014.25. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent protozoan pathogen that is transmitted through oral ingestion of infectious cysts. As such, mucosal immune defenses in the intestine constitute the first and arguably most important line of resistance against the parasite. The response to infection is now understood to involve complex three-way interactions between Toxoplasma, the mucosal immune system, and the host intestinal microbiota. Productive outcome of these interactions ensures resolution of infection in the intestinal mucosa. Nonsuccessful outcome may result in emergence of proinflammatory damage that can spell death for the host. Here, we discuss new advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning these disparate outcomes, with particular reference to initiators, effectors, and regulators of mucosal immunity stimulated by Toxoplasma in the intestine.
刚地弓形虫是一种高流行的原生动物病原体，通过口服感染性包囊传播。因此，肠道中的黏膜免疫防御构成了抵抗寄生虫的第一道也是可以说是最重要的防线。现在人们已经了解到，感染的反应涉及弓形虫、黏膜免疫系统和宿主肠道微生物群之间复杂的三方相互作用。这些相互作用的有效结果确保了肠道黏膜感染的解决。不成功的结果可能导致促炎损伤的出现，这可能对宿主造成致命的后果。在这里，我们讨论了对这些不同结果背后机制的理解的新进展，特别提到了弓形虫在肠道中刺激的黏膜免疫的启动子、效应子和调节剂。
