Palus Sandra, von Haehling Stephan, Springer Jochen
Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Int J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 20;176(3):640-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.086. Epub 2014 Aug 23.
The syndrome of cachexia, i.e. involuntary weight loss in patients with underlying diseases, sarcopenia, i.e. loss of muscle mass due to ageing, and general muscle atrophy from disuse and/or prolonged bed rest have received more attention over the last decades. All lead to a higher morbidity and mortality in patients and therefore, they represent a major socio-economic burden for the society today. This mini-review looks at recent developments in basic research that are relevant to the loss of skeletal muscle. It aims to cover the most significant publication of last three years on the causes and effects of muscle wasting, new targets for therapy development and potential biomarkers for assessing skeletal muscle mass. The targets include 1) E-3 ligases: TRIM32, SOCS1 and SOCS3 by involving the elongin BC ubiquitin-ligase, Cbl-b, culling 7, Fbxo40, MG53 (TRIM72) and the mitochondrial Mul1, 2) the kinase MST1 and 3) the G-protein Gαi2. D(3)-creatine has the potential to be used as a novel biomarker that allows to monitor actual change in skeletal muscle mass over time. In conclusion, significant development efforts are being made by academic groups as well as numerous pharmaceutical companies to identify new targets and biomarkers muscle, as muscle wasting represents a great medical need, but no therapies have been approved in the last decades.
恶病质综合征，即患有基础疾病患者的非自愿体重减轻、肌肉减少症，即因衰老导致的肌肉量减少，以及因废用和/或长期卧床休息引起的全身肌肉萎缩，在过去几十年中受到了更多关注。所有这些都会导致患者更高的发病率和死亡率，因此，它们如今是社会的一项重大社会经济负担。这篇小型综述探讨了与骨骼肌丢失相关的基础研究的最新进展。其目的是涵盖过去三年中关于肌肉萎缩的原因和影响、治疗开发的新靶点以及评估骨骼肌量的潜在生物标志物的最重要出版物。这些靶点包括：1）E-3连接酶：通过涉及延伸蛋白BC泛素连接酶、Cbl-b、剔除蛋白7、Fbxo40、MG53（TRIM72）和线粒体Mul1的TRIM32、SOCS1和SOCS3；2）激酶MST1；3）G蛋白Gαi2。D(3)-肌酸有潜力用作一种新型生物标志物，能够监测骨骼肌量随时间的实际变化。总之，学术团体以及众多制药公司正在做出重大努力来确定肌肉的新靶点和生物标志物，因为肌肉萎缩代表着巨大的医疗需求，但在过去几十年中尚无获批的治疗方法。
