Ramlakhan Shammi, Singh Virendra, Stone Joanne, Ramtahal Alicia
Emergency Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
Department of Child Health, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2014 Aug 24;8:31-7. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S8100. eCollection 2014.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a common cause of childhood febrile illness with 7% of girls and 2% of boys having a symptomatic culture positive UTI by the age of six years. Although there are conflicting views on the long term sequelae of UTI, as well as the place of prophylaxis, the universal aims of treatment of childhood UTI remain those of symptom alleviation, prevention of systemic infection and short and longer term complications. There is good evidence of historical and emerging resistance patterns, therefore rationalisation of prescription patterns by knowledge of sensitivities coupled with re-examination of empirical antibiotic choices is clearly important. Local formularies should reflect geographical resistance patterns along with best evidence on the duration and choice of antibiotic in order to maximize therapeutic effect, while minimizing the development of resistant strains.
尿路感染（UTI）是儿童发热性疾病的常见病因，6岁时7%的女孩和2%的男孩有症状性培养阳性的UTI。尽管对于UTI的长期后遗症以及预防措施存在不同观点，但儿童UTI治疗的普遍目标仍然是缓解症状、预防全身感染以及短期和长期并发症。有充分证据表明存在历史和新出现的耐药模式，因此，通过了解敏感性来合理调整处方模式，并重新审视经验性抗生素选择显然很重要。地方处方集应反映地域耐药模式以及关于抗生素使用持续时间和选择的最佳证据，以最大限度地提高治疗效果，同时尽量减少耐药菌株的产生。
