Bifulco Maurizio, Capunzo Mario, Marasco Magda, Pisanti Simona
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(14):1691-3. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2014.964681.
The link between hygiene and the concept of transmission of infective diseases was established earlier than the birth of microbiology, thanks to the studies of two neglected physicians of maternity clinic, Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis and Oliver Holmes, in the mid-1800s. Surprisingly, centuries earlier, a medieval women physician, Trotula de Ruggiero, introduced for the first time the notion of diseases’ prevention, highlighting the importance of the association of personal hygiene, balanced nutrition and physical activity for better health. Moreover, she was particularly concerned of hands hygiene for the midwives during child birth, to preserve the good health of both the mother and the baby. She practiced inside the medieval Medical School of Salerno, whose main text, the “Regimen Sanitatis Salerni” has an entire part dedicated to hygiene, providing hygienic precepts that anticipate the concepts derived from the revolutionary discoveries in medical science only centuries later.
早在微生物学诞生之前，卫生与传染病传播概念之间的联系就已确立，这要归功于19世纪中叶两位在产科诊所被忽视的医生伊格纳茨·菲利普·塞麦尔维斯和奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯的研究。令人惊讶的是，几个世纪前，一位中世纪的女医生特罗图拉·德鲁杰罗首次提出了疾病预防的概念，强调了个人卫生、均衡营养和体育活动相结合对健康的重要性。此外，她特别关注助产士在分娩过程中的手部卫生，以确保母亲和婴儿的健康。她在中世纪的萨勒诺医学院工作，该学院的主要文本《萨勒诺卫生准则》有一整个部分专门论述卫生，提供的卫生戒律比几个世纪后医学科学的革命性发现所衍生的概念还要早。
