新热带农业系统中鸟类系统发育多样性的丧失。
Loss of avian phylogenetic diversity in neotropical agricultural systems.
机构信息
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Nature Conservancy, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA.
出版信息
Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1343-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1254610.
Habitat conversion is the primary driver of biodiversity loss, yet little is known about how it is restructuring the tree of life by favoring some lineages over others. We combined a complete avian phylogeny with 12 years of Costa Rican bird surveys (118,127 detections across 487 species) sampled in three land uses: forest reserves, diversified agricultural systems, and intensive monocultures. Diversified agricultural systems supported 600 million more years of evolutionary history than intensive monocultures but 300 million fewer years than forests. Compared with species with many extant relatives, evolutionarily distinct species were extirpated at higher rates in both diversified and intensive agricultural systems. Forests are therefore essential for maintaining diversity across the tree of life, but diversified agricultural systems may help buffer against extreme loss of phylogenetic diversity.
生境转换是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素，但人们对于它如何通过偏爱某些谱系而排斥其他谱系来重组生命之树知之甚少。我们结合了完整的鸟类系统发育和哥斯达黎加 12 年的鸟类调查（在森林保护区、多样化农业系统和密集单一栽培三种土地利用方式下，对 487 个物种进行了 118127 次检测）。与具有许多现存亲缘关系的物种相比，多样化农业系统的进化历史多了 6 亿年，但比森林少了 3 亿年。与进化上有明显差异的物种相比，在多样化和密集单一栽培农业系统中，灭绝的物种灭绝速度更高。因此，森林对于维持生命之树的多样性至关重要，但多样化的农业系统可能有助于缓冲对系统发育多样性的极端损失。
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