Hudalla Gregory A, Murphy William L
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA ; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Soft Matter. 2011 Oct 21;7(20):9561-9571. doi: 10.1039/C1SM05596H.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of biological macromolecules that surrounds cells within tissues. In addition to serving as a physical support, the ECM actively influences cell behavior by providing sites for cell adhesion, establishing soluble factor gradients, and forming interfaces between different cell types within a tissue. Thus, elucidating the influence of ECM-derived biomolecules on cell behavior is an important aspect of cell biology. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising tools to mimic the ECM as they provide chemically well-defined substrates that can be precisely tailored for specific cell culture applications, and their application in this regard is the focus of this review. In particular, this review will describe various approaches to prepare SAM-based culture substrates non-specific adsorption, covalent immobilization, or non-covalent sequestering of ECM-derived biomolecules. Additionally, this review will highlight SAMs that present ECM-derived biomolecules to cells to probe the role of these molecules in cell-ECM interactions, including cell attachment, spreading and 'outside-in' signaling focal adhesion complex formation. Finally, this review will introduce SAMs that can present or sequester soluble signaling molecules, such as growth factors, to study the influence of localized soluble factor activity on cell behavior. Together, these examples demonstrate that the chemical specificity and variability afforded by SAMs can provide robust, well-defined substrates for cell culture that can simplify experimental design and analysis by eliminating many of the confounding factors associated with traditional culture substrates.
细胞外基质（ECM）是一种生物大分子网络，它环绕组织内的细胞。除了提供物理支撑外，ECM还通过提供细胞黏附位点、建立可溶性因子梯度以及在组织内不同细胞类型之间形成界面来积极影响细胞行为。因此，阐明源自ECM的生物分子对细胞行为的影响是细胞生物学的一个重要方面。自组装单分子层（SAMs）已成为模拟ECM的有前景的工具，因为它们提供了化学性质明确的底物，可针对特定细胞培养应用进行精确定制，并且它们在这方面的应用是本综述的重点。特别是，本综述将描述制备基于SAM的培养底物的各种方法——非特异性吸附、共价固定或非共价螯合源自ECM的生物分子。此外，本综述将重点介绍向细胞呈现源自ECM的生物分子以探究这些分子在细胞 - ECM相互作用中的作用的SAMs，包括细胞附着、铺展和“由外向内”信号传导——粘着斑复合物形成。最后，本综述将介绍可以呈现或螯合可溶性信号分子（如生长因子）以研究局部可溶性因子活性对细胞行为影响的SAMs。总之，这些例子表明，SAMs提供的化学特异性和可变性可以为细胞培养提供强大、明确的底物，通过消除与传统培养底物相关的许多混杂因素来简化实验设计和分析。
