Zhong Shuang, Clark Michele, Hou Xiang-Yu, Zang Yuli, FitzGerald Gerard
Center for Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Health Management and Policy, Shandong University, Jinan, China;
Center for Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Glob Health Action. 2014 Sep 10;7:24986. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.24986. eCollection 2014.
Despite the importance of an effective health system response to various disasters, relevant research is still in its infancy, especially in middle- and low-income countries.
This paper provides an overview of the status of disaster health management in China, with its aim to promote the effectiveness of the health response for reducing disaster-related mortality and morbidity.
A scoping review method was used to address the recent progress of and challenges to disaster health management in China. Major health electronic databases were searched to identify English and Chinese literature that were relevant to the research aims.
The review found that since 2003 considerable progress has been achieved in the health disaster response system in China. However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue.
One solution identified to address these challenges appears to be through corresponding policy strategies at multiple levels (e.g. community, hospital, and healthcare system level).
尽管有效的卫生系统应对各种灾害至关重要，但相关研究仍处于起步阶段，尤其是在中低收入国家。
本文概述了中国灾害卫生管理的现状，旨在提高卫生应对措施的有效性，以降低灾害相关的死亡率和发病率。
采用范围综述方法探讨中国灾害卫生管理的最新进展和挑战。检索主要的卫生电子数据库，以识别与研究目的相关的英文和中文文献。
综述发现，自2003年以来，中国卫生灾害应对系统取得了显著进展。然而，仍存在阻碍有效卫生灾害应对的挑战，包括抗灾基础设施安全标准低、缺乏具体的灾害计划、医院之间应急协调不力、缺乏便携式诊断设备以及分诊技能、应急能力和心理干预措施欠发达。其他挑战包括应急卫生服务系统碎片化、缺乏针对紧急情况的具体立法、资金分配不均以及灾害救援缺乏成本效益考量。
应对这些挑战的一个解决方案似乎是通过多层次（如社区、医院和医疗系统层面）的相应政策策略。
