Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2014 Dec;143(6):2330-40. doi: 10.1037/xge0000023. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
Social rank in human and nonhuman animals is signaled by a variety of behaviors and phenotypes. In this research, we examined whether a sartorial manipulation of social class would engender class-consistent behavior and physiology during dyadic interactions. Male participants donned clothing that signaled either upper-class (business-suit) or lower-class (sweatpants) rank prior to engaging in a modified negotiation task with another participant unaware of the clothing manipulation. Wearing upper-class, compared to lower-class, clothing induced dominance--measured in terms of negotiation profits and concessions, and testosterone levels--in participants. Upper-class clothing also elicited increased vigilance in perceivers of these symbols: Relative to perceiving lower-class symbols, perceiving upper-class symbols increased vagal withdrawal, reduced perceptions of social power, and catalyzed physiological contagion such that perceivers' sympathetic nervous system activation followed that of the upper-class target. Discussion focuses on the dyadic process of social class signaling within social interactions.
在人类和非人类动物中，社会等级通过各种行为和表型来传递。在这项研究中，我们考察了通过对社会阶层的衣着操纵是否会在二元互动中产生与阶层一致的行为和生理反应。男性参与者在与另一名不知道衣着操纵的参与者进行修改后的谈判任务之前，穿上表示上层阶级（西装）或下层阶级（运动裤）的衣服。与穿着下层阶级的衣服相比，穿着上层阶级的衣服会诱导参与者产生支配地位——以谈判利润和让步以及睾丸激素水平来衡量。这些符号的感知者也会表现出更高的警惕性：与感知下层阶级的符号相比，感知上层阶级的符号会导致迷走神经张力下降，减少对社会权力的感知，并引发生理传染，从而使感知者的交感神经系统激活跟随上层阶级目标的激活。讨论集中在社会互动中的社会阶层信号的二元过程上。
