Le Lan T, Anthony Bruno J, Bronheim Suzanne M, Holland Courtney M, Perry Deborah F
Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development, Box 571485, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
J Behav Health Serv Res. 2016 Jul;43(3):380-95. doi: 10.1007/s11414-014-9439-2.
Technical assistance (TA) has been a ubiquitous part of the implementation of policies, programs, and services across public and private enterprise for decades. There have been few attempts to identify critical components of TA and evaluate its effectiveness. Qualitative analysis of interviews with experienced TA providers suggested a continuum of practice anchored at each end by approaches termed content-driven and relationship-based. Content-driven approaches focus on information transfer and referral whereas relationship-based approaches center on the facilitation of behavior and systems change. TA is almost always a mix of these approaches. Fitting the right approach to each situation is the key to success. The structure of TA is conceptualized as a three-phase set of activities (decision-making, implementation, and evaluation) supported by an effective partnership and informed by the overarching context. The strategies for effective TA are consistent with major theories of behavior change but need to be further evaluated and refined.
几十年来，技术援助一直是公共和私营企业政策、项目及服务实施过程中普遍存在的一部分。很少有人尝试去确定技术援助的关键组成部分并评估其有效性。对经验丰富的技术援助提供者进行访谈的定性分析表明，存在一种实践连续体，其两端分别以内容驱动型和关系型方法为支撑。内容驱动型方法侧重于信息传递和转介，而关系型方法则以促进行为和系统变革为核心。技术援助几乎总是这些方法的混合体。为每种情况选择合适的方法是成功的关键。技术援助的结构被概念化为由有效伙伴关系支持并受总体背景影响的三个阶段的活动（决策、实施和评估）。有效技术援助的策略与行为改变的主要理论一致，但需要进一步评估和完善。
