1] Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA.
Nat Mater. 2015 Jan;14(1):43-7. doi: 10.1038/nmat4088. Epub 2014 Sep 21.
Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene and diamondoids have extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Compression-induced polymerization of aromatic molecules could provide a viable synthetic route to ordered carbon nanomaterials, but despite almost a century of study this approach has produced only amorphous products. Here we report recovery to ambient pressure of macroscopic quantities of a crystalline one- dimensional sp(3) carbon nanomaterial formed by high-pressure solid-state reaction of benzene. X-ray and neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations reveal close- packed bundles of subnanometre-diameter sp(3)-bonded carbon threads capped with hydrogen, crystalline in two dimensions and short-range ordered in the third. These nanothreads promise extraordinary properties such as strength and stiffness higher than that of sp(2) carbon nanotubes or conventional high-strength polymers. They may be the first member of a new class of ordered sp(3) nanomaterials synthesized by kinetic control of high-pressure solid-state reactions.
低维碳纳米材料，如富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯和类金刚石，具有非凡的物理和化学性质。芳香族分子的压缩诱导聚合为有序碳纳米材料的合成提供了一种可行的途径，但尽管已经进行了近一个世纪的研究，这种方法仅产生了非晶态产物。在这里，我们报告了通过苯的高压固态反应，在大气压下回收大量由一维 sp(3) 碳纳米材料组成的结晶产物。X 射线和中子衍射、拉曼光谱、固态 NMR、透射电子显微镜和第一性原理计算揭示了纳米级 sp(3) 键合碳线的紧密堆积束，这些碳线的直径为纳米级，带有氢封端，在二维上结晶，在第三维上短程有序。这些纳米线具有高强度和刚度等非凡的性质，高于 sp(2) 碳纳米管或传统高强度聚合物。它们可能是通过高压固态反应的动力学控制合成的新型有序 sp(3) 纳米材料的第一个成员。
