Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Apr 7;42(7):2824-60. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35335k.
In the last three decades, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. While early work showed that these properties could enable high performance in selected applications, issues surrounding structural inhomogeneity and imprecise assembly have impeded robust and reliable implementation of carbon nanomaterials in widespread technologies. However, with recent advances in synthesis, sorting, and assembly techniques, carbon nanomaterials are experiencing renewed interest as the basis of numerous scalable technologies. Here, we present an extensive review of carbon nanomaterials in electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and sensing devices with a particular focus on the latest examples based on the highest purity samples. Specific attention is devoted to each class of carbon nanomaterial, thereby allowing comparative analysis of the suitability of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for each application area. In this manner, this article will provide guidance to future application developers and also articulate the remaining research challenges confronting this field.
在过去的三十年中，由于零维、一维和二维碳纳米材料（即富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯）具有独特的电子、光学、热学、机械和化学性质，它们引起了科学界的极大关注。虽然早期的工作表明，这些特性可以在某些应用中实现高性能，但结构不均匀和组装不精确等问题阻碍了碳纳米材料在广泛技术中的稳健和可靠应用。然而，随着合成、分类和组装技术的最新进展，碳纳米材料作为许多可扩展技术的基础，正重新受到关注。在这里，我们对电子、光电、光伏和传感设备中的碳纳米材料进行了广泛的综述，特别关注基于最高纯度样品的最新实例。我们特别关注每一类碳纳米材料，从而可以对富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯在每个应用领域的适用性进行比较分析。通过这种方式，本文将为未来的应用开发者提供指导，并阐明该领域面临的剩余研究挑战。
