Department of Psychology, University of South Florida.
Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center.
Health Psychol. 2014 Oct;33(10):1174-1184. doi: 10.1037/hea0000123.
Restrained eaters attempt to employ cognitive control over decisions to eat, which leaves them prone to eat in a disinhibited manner. This eating style is associated with elevated rates of smoking compared to the general population. The current study merged smoking and eating research methodology to investigate a mechanism that may underlie this association by testing whether a food prime, which has been found to elicit disinhibited eating in restrained eaters, could also motivate smoking as an alternative to eating.
Using a randomized, 2-arm (Prime/No-Prime) between-subjects design, it was hypothesized that young adult female smokers who endorsed elevated dietary restraint and received a food prime would smoke more when given the option, compared to smokers who did not receive the food prime.
As predicted, restraint score moderated the effect of the food prime upon smoking behavior (latency to first puff, β = 1, t = 3.8, df = 123, p < .001) and cigarette craving (β = -.79, t = -2.9, df = 127, p < .005), suggesting that after a food prime, restrained-eating smokers may opt to smoke to prevent further food intake.
This study identified a pathway, namely violation of dietary restraint, linking eating and smoking behaviors that may contribute to the population-based covariance between disordered eating and tobacco use.
节制饮食者试图运用认知控制来决定进食，这使他们容易以不受抑制的方式进食。与一般人群相比，这种饮食方式与吸烟率升高有关。本研究融合了吸烟和饮食研究方法，通过测试食物提示是否可以激发被试的进食冲动，从而为这种关联提供一个可能的潜在机制，食物提示已被发现会引起被试的进食冲动。
采用随机、2 臂（提示/无提示）被试间设计，假设那些自我报告的饮食限制较高且接受食物提示的年轻成年女性吸烟者，与未接受食物提示的吸烟者相比，在有选择的情况下会吸烟更多。
正如预测的那样，限制分数调节了食物提示对吸烟行为（第一口烟的潜伏期，β=1，t=3.8，df=123，p<.001）和香烟渴求（β=-.79，t=-2.9，df=127，p<.005）的影响，这表明在接受食物提示后，限制饮食的吸烟者可能会选择吸烟来防止进一步进食。
这项研究确定了一种途径，即饮食限制的违反，将进食和吸烟行为联系起来，这可能有助于解释人群中饮食失调和吸烟之间的共变关系。
