Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA ; Current address: Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Microbiome. 2014 Sep 15;2:35. doi: 10.1186/2049-2618-2-35. eCollection 2014.
When diseased intestine (i.e., from colon cancer, diverticulitis) requires resection, its reconnection (termed anastomosis) can be complicated by non-healing of the newly joined intestine resulting in spillage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity (termed anastomotic leakage). While it is suspected that the intestinal microbiota have the capacity to both accelerate and complicate anastomotic healing, the associated genotypes and functions have not been characterized.
Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of samples collected on the day of surgery (postoperative day 0 (POD0)) and the 6th day following surgery (postoperative day 0 (POD6)), we analyzed the changes in luminal versus tissue-associated microbiota at anastomotic sites created in the colon of rats. Results indicated that anastomotic injury induced significant changes in the anastomotic tissue-associated microbiota with minimal differences in the luminal microbiota. The most striking difference was a 500-fold and 200-fold increase in the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Escherichia/Shigella, respectively. Functional profiling predicted the predominance of bacterial virulence-associated pathways in post-anastomotic tissues, including production of hemolysin, cytolethal toxins, fimbriae, invasins, cytotoxic necrotizing factors, and coccolysin.
Taken together, our results suggest that compositional and functional changes accompany anastomotic tissues and may potentially accelerate or complicate anastomotic healing.
当病变的肠道（例如结肠癌、憩室炎）需要切除时，新连接的肠道可能会出现愈合不良，导致肠道内容物溢出到腹腔（称为吻合口漏），从而使肠道的重新连接（称为吻合）变得复杂。虽然怀疑肠道微生物群具有加速和复杂化吻合口愈合的能力，但相关的基因型和功能尚未得到描述。
我们使用大鼠结肠吻合部位手术当天（术后第 0 天（POD0））和术后第 6 天（POD6）收集的样本的 16S rRNA 扩增子测序，分析了吻合部位管腔与组织相关微生物群的变化。结果表明，吻合损伤诱导了吻合组织相关微生物群的显著变化，而管腔微生物群的差异最小。最显著的差异是肠球菌和大肠埃希菌/志贺氏菌的相对丰度分别增加了 500 倍和 200 倍。功能分析预测了细菌毒力相关途径在吻合后组织中的优势，包括溶血素、细胞毒素、菌毛、侵袭素、细胞毒性坏死因子和柯柯菌素的产生。
总之，我们的结果表明，组成和功能的变化伴随着吻合组织，可能加速或复杂化吻合愈合。
