Aslin Richard N, Shukla Mohinish, Emberson Lauren L
Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2015 Jan 3;66:349-79. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115108. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
Over the past 20 years, the field of cognitive neuroscience has relied heavily on hemodynamic measures of blood oxygenation in local regions of the brain to make inferences about underlying cognitive processes. These same functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) techniques have recently been adapted for use with human infants. We review the advantages and disadvantages of these two neuroimaging methods for studies of infant cognition, with a particular emphasis on their technical limitations and the linking hypotheses that are used to draw conclusions from correlational data. In addition to summarizing key findings in several domains of infant cognition, we highlight the prospects of improving the quality of fNIRS data from infants to address in a more sophisticated way how cognitive development is mediated by changes in underlying neural mechanisms.
在过去20年里，认知神经科学领域严重依赖大脑局部区域血液氧合的血流动力学测量来推断潜在的认知过程。同样的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）技术最近已被应用于人类婴儿。我们回顾了这两种神经成像方法在婴儿认知研究中的优缺点，特别强调了它们的技术局限性以及用于从相关数据得出结论的关联假设。除了总结婴儿认知几个领域的关键发现外，我们还强调了提高婴儿fNIRS数据质量的前景，以便更复杂地解决认知发展是如何由潜在神经机制的变化介导的问题。
