Arora Rohit, Sharma Deepika, Kumar Rakesh, Singh Bikram, Vig Adarsh P, Arora Saroj
Dept. of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.
J Food Sci. 2014 Oct;79(10):C1964-9. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12579. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products form an important class of plant secondary metabolites involved in various plant defense-linked mechanisms. The successful isolation of particular glucosinolate hydrolytic products is limited by a number of factors like understanding the parent glucosinolate moiety, solubility, and stability under different drying conditions. The extraction protocols currently available were modified to achieve both an increased yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products. Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. (called arugula in the U.S.A.), a rich source of varied glucosinolates, was used for the standardization of different extraction protocols. We exploited the volatile nature of the glucosinolates and developed a method that not only enhanced the yield of glucosinolate hydrolytic products, but also reduced undesired compounds. Among all the tested protocols, hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus was judged as the best protocol, which was evident from an enhanced yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products when compared to the other methods as monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Glucosinolate hydrolytic products are important volatile metabolites that are difficult to extract. The different conditions, such as extraction method, solvent, and dryingmethods, are responsible for successful extractions. An improved extraction method will help in a better isolation of these valuable compounds, which may then be used for different biological activities such as anticancer, antimutagenic, bioherbicidal, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and antitumor activities.
硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物构成了一类重要的植物次生代谢产物，参与各种与植物防御相关的机制。特定硫代葡萄糖苷水解产物的成功分离受到多种因素的限制，如对母体硫代葡萄糖苷部分的了解、溶解度以及在不同干燥条件下的稳定性。目前可用的提取方案经过了改进，以提高产量并增加水解产物的数量。芝麻菜（Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell.，在美国称为芝麻菜）是多种硫代葡萄糖苷的丰富来源，被用于不同提取方案的标准化。我们利用了硫代葡萄糖苷的挥发性，开发了一种不仅提高硫代葡萄糖苷水解产物产量，还减少不需要化合物的方法。在所有测试方案中，使用克莱文杰装置进行水蒸馏被判定为最佳方案，通过气相色谱 - 质谱监测可知，与其他方法相比，该方案产量提高且水解产物数量增加，这一点很明显。
硫代葡萄糖苷水解产物是重要的挥发性代谢产物，难以提取。不同的条件，如提取方法、溶剂和干燥方法，对成功提取至关重要。改进的提取方法将有助于更好地分离这些有价值的化合物，这些化合物随后可用于不同的生物活性，如抗癌、抗诱变、生物除草、抗菌、抗遗传毒性和抗肿瘤活性。
