DAFNAE, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Agripolis Campus, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
Molecules. 2018 Dec 7;23(12):3240. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123240.
Mill. is a good source of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids, being a valuable material for the production of functional-foods or nutraceutical ingredients. Extraction by supercritical CO₂ (SCO₂) can be used and the limitations due to the apolar nature of CO₂ can be overcome using co-solvents. In this paper different cosolvents and conditions were used for SCO₂ extraction and the composition of the obtained extracts was studied by LC-MS.
Water resulted the ideal co-solvent, allowing the extraction of glucosinolates in comparable amounts to the classical procedure with boiling water, as it can be carried out at mild temperatures (45 °C vs. >100 °C). Increasing the pressure improved the GLS extraction. On the other hand polyphenol extraction under the studied conditions was not influenced by pressure and temperature variations. The in vitro antioxidant effect of the obtained extracts was also measured, showing significant activity in the DPPH and FC tests.
The GLS, flavonoids and lipids composition of the obtained extracts was studied, showing the presence of numerous antioxidant constituents useful for nutraceutical applications. The extraction method using SCO₂ and water as co-solvent presents advantages in terms of safety because these solvents are generally recognised as safe. Water as cosolvent at 8% resulted useful for the extraction of both glucosinolates and phenolics in good amount and is environmentally acceptable as well as safe for food production.
小米是硫代葡萄糖苷（GLS）、酚类化合物和不饱和脂肪酸的良好来源，是生产功能性食品或营养成分的有价值的原料。超临界 CO₂（SCO₂）萃取可用于克服 CO₂的非极性性质的限制使用共溶剂。本文使用不同的共溶剂和条件进行了 SCO₂萃取，并通过 LC-MS 研究了所得提取物的组成。
水是理想的共溶剂，允许以与沸水相当的量提取硫代葡萄糖苷，因为它可以在温和的温度下进行（45°C 与>100°C）。提高压力可提高 GLS 的提取率。另一方面，在所研究的条件下，多酚的提取不受压力和温度变化的影响。还测量了所得提取物的体外抗氧化作用，在 DPPH 和 FC 测试中显示出显著的活性。
研究了所得提取物的 GLS、类黄酮和脂质组成，表明存在许多用于营养应用的抗氧化成分。使用 SCO₂和水作为共溶剂的萃取方法在安全性方面具有优势，因为这些溶剂通常被认为是安全的。8%的水作为共溶剂可用于大量提取硫代葡萄糖苷和酚类化合物，并且在环境上是可接受的，并且对食品生产也是安全的。
