Todd Joshua J, Pourshahidi L Kirsty, McSorley Emeir M, Madigan Sharon M, Magee Pamela J
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Sports Med. 2015 Feb;45(2):213-29. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0266-7.
Athletes may be predisposed to low vitamin D concentrations, with studies reporting a high prevalence of athletes with a vitamin D concentration below 50 nmol/L across a range of sports and geographical locations, particularly over the winter months. It is well documented that vitamin D is important for osseous health by enhancing calcium absorption at the small intestine; however, emerging research suggests that vitamin D may also benefit a plethora of extra-skeletal target tissues and systems. There is strong evidence that vitamin D is capable of regulating both innate and adaptive immune processes via binding of active vitamin D to its complementary receptor. Supplementation with vitamin D may also enhance skeletal muscle function through morphological adaptations and enhanced calcium availability during cross-bridge cycling; however, an exact mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. Such findings have prompted research into the importance of maintaining vitamin D concentrations over wintertime and the possible physiological and immunological benefits of vitamin D supplementation in athletes. The following review critically evaluates existing literature and presents novel perspectives on how vitamin D may enhance athletic performance.
运动员可能易患维生素D浓度低的情况，研究报告称，在一系列运动项目和不同地理位置中，尤其是在冬季，维生素D浓度低于50 nmol/L的运动员比例很高。有充分的文献记载，维生素D通过增强小肠对钙的吸收对骨骼健康很重要；然而，新出现的研究表明，维生素D可能也有益于大量骨骼外的靶组织和系统。有强有力的证据表明，活性维生素D与其互补受体结合后，维生素D能够调节先天性和适应性免疫过程。补充维生素D还可能通过形态学适应和在横桥循环过程中提高钙的可用性来增强骨骼肌功能；然而，确切的作用机制尚待阐明。这些发现促使人们研究在冬季维持维生素D浓度的重要性以及补充维生素D对运动员可能产生的生理和免疫益处。以下综述批判性地评估了现有文献，并就维生素D如何提高运动表现提出了新的观点。
