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人脸识别中的整体加工、接触与异族效应

Holistic processing, contact, and the other-race effect in face recognition.

作者信息

Zhao Mintao, Hayward William G, Bülthoff Isabelle

机构信息

Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.

Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Australia.

出版信息

Vision Res. 2014 Dec;105:61-9. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Sep 26.

Abstract

Face recognition, holistic processing, and processing of configural and featural facial information are known to be influenced by face race, with better performance for own- than other-race faces. However, whether these various other-race effects (OREs) arise from the same underlying mechanisms or from different processes remains unclear. The present study addressed this question by measuring the OREs in a set of face recognition tasks, and testing whether these OREs are correlated with each other. Participants performed different tasks probing (1) face recognition, (2) holistic processing, (3) processing of configural information, and (4) processing of featural information for both own- and other-race faces. Their contact with other-race people was also assessed with a questionnaire. The results show significant OREs in tasks testing face memory and processing of configural information, but not in tasks testing either holistic processing or processing of featural information. Importantly, there was no cross-task correlation between any of the measured OREs. Moreover, the level of other-race contact predicted only the OREs obtained in tasks testing face memory and processing of configural information. These results indicate that these various cross-race differences originate from different aspects of face processing, in contrary to the view that the ORE in face recognition is due to cross-race differences in terms of holistic processing.

摘要

众所周知,人脸识别、整体加工以及对面部构型和特征信息的加工会受到面部种族的影响,识别同种族面孔的表现优于其他种族面孔。然而,这些不同的其他种族效应(OREs)是源于相同的潜在机制还是不同的过程仍不清楚。本研究通过在一组人脸识别任务中测量OREs,并测试这些OREs是否相互关联来解决这个问题。参与者执行了不同的任务,以探究(1)人脸识别、(2)整体加工、(3)构型信息加工以及(4)同种族和其他种族面孔的特征信息加工。还通过问卷调查评估了他们与其他种族人群的接触情况。结果显示,在测试面部记忆和构型信息加工的任务中有显著的OREs,但在测试整体加工或特征信息加工的任务中没有。重要的是,所测量的任何OREs之间都没有跨任务相关性。此外,其他种族接触程度仅预测了在测试面部记忆和构型信息加工的任务中获得的OREs。这些结果表明,这些不同的跨种族差异源于面部加工的不同方面,这与认为人脸识别中的ORE是由于整体加工方面的跨种族差异的观点相反。

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