Bruinstroop Eveline, Fliers Eric, Kalsbeek Andries
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Oct;28(5):673-84. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 20.
Our body is well designed to store energy in times of nutrient excess, and release energy in times of food deprivation. This adaptation to the external environment is achieved by humoral factors and the autonomic nervous system. Claude Bernard, in the 19th century, showed the importance of the autonomic nervous system in the control of glucose metabolism. In the 20th century, the discovery of insulin and the development of techniques to measure hormone concentrations shifted the focus from the neural control of metabolism to the secretion of hormones, thus functionally "decapitating" the body. Just before the end of the 20th century, starting with the discovery of leptin in 1994, the control of energy metabolism went back to our heads. Since the start of 21st century, numerous studies have reported the involvement of hypothalamic pathways in the control of hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose production. The autonomic nervous system is, therefore, acknowledged to be one of the important determinants of liver metabolism and a possible treatment target. In this chapter, we review research to date on the hypothalamic control of hepatic lipid metabolism.
我们的身体具有良好的设计，能够在营养过剩时储存能量，并在食物匮乏时释放能量。这种对外部环境的适应性是通过体液因子和自主神经系统实现的。19世纪，克劳德·贝尔纳证明了自主神经系统在控制葡萄糖代谢中的重要性。20世纪，胰岛素的发现以及测量激素浓度技术的发展，将代谢控制的重点从神经控制转向了激素分泌，从而在功能上使身体“去头化”。就在20世纪末之前，从1994年瘦素的发现开始，能量代谢的控制又回到了我们的大脑。自21世纪初以来，大量研究报告了下丘脑通路在控制肝脏胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖生成中的作用。因此，自主神经系统被认为是肝脏代谢的重要决定因素之一，也是一个可能的治疗靶点。在本章中，我们回顾了迄今为止关于下丘脑对肝脏脂质代谢控制的研究。
