Nayak Khrishna S, Fleck Robert J
IEEE Pulse. 2014 Sep-Oct;5(5):40-4. doi: 10.1109/MPUL.2014.2339398.
Sleep disordered breathing in children ranges from snoring, which has a prevalence of 12%, to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome, which has a prevalence of 2?3% in the general population [1]. The underlying causes of pediatric OSA are extremely complex. There are bony structural influences, as seen in craniofacial abnormalities, and soft tissue abnormalities, such as a large tongue, redundant soft tissue, or compliance/collapsibility issues. In some groups, such as those with Down syndrome, a combination of these factors comes into play.
儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的范围从打鼾（患病率为12%）到阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）综合征（在普通人群中的患病率为2%-3%）[1]。小儿OSA的潜在病因极其复杂。存在骨骼结构影响，如在颅面异常中所见，以及软组织异常，如大舌头、多余的软组织或顺应性/可塌陷性问题。在某些群体中，如唐氏综合征患者，这些因素会共同起作用。
