Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Jan;55(1):81-99. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27411. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allows for imaging dynamic processes as they occur, without relying on any repetition or synchronization. This is made possible by modern MRI technology such as fast-switching gradients and parallel imaging. It is compatible with many (but not all) MRI sequences, including spoiled gradient echo, balanced steady-state free precession, and single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement. RT-MRI has earned an important role in both diagnostic imaging and image guidance of invasive procedures. Its unique diagnostic value is prominent in areas of the body that undergo substantial and often irregular motion, such as the heart, gastrointestinal system, upper airway vocal tract, and joints. Its value in interventional procedure guidance is prominent for procedures that require multiple forms of soft-tissue contrast, as well as flow information. In this review, we discuss the history of RT-MRI, fundamental tradeoffs, enabling technology, established applications, and current trends. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
实时磁共振成像（RT-MRI）允许在不依赖任何重复或同步的情况下对动态过程进行成像。这得益于现代 MRI 技术，如快速切换梯度和并行成像。它与许多（但不是全部）MRI 序列兼容，包括扰相梯度回波、平衡稳态自由进动和单次激发快速采集与弛豫增强。RT-MRI 在诊断成像和侵入性程序的图像引导中都具有重要作用。其独特的诊断价值在经历大量且经常不规则运动的身体部位中尤为突出，如心脏、胃肠道系统、上呼吸道声道和关节。它在需要多种软组织对比和流动信息的介入性程序引导中的价值也很突出。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 RT-MRI 的历史、基本权衡、实现技术、既定应用和当前趋势。证据水平：5 技术功效阶段：1.
