Desvaux S, Nguyen C O, Vu D T, Henriquez C, Ky V D, Roger F, Fenwick S, Goutard F
CIRAD, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (AGIRs), Montpellier, France.
School of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Aug;63(4):389-97. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12279. Epub 2014 Sep 30.
Poultry movement is known to contribute to the dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In Northern Vietnam, the illegal trade of poultry from China is a source of concern and is considered as responsible for the regular introduction of new H5N1 viruses. The general objective of this study was to get a better understanding of this illegal trade (organization, volume, actors involved and drivers) to propose adequate preventive and control options. The information was also used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of exposure of susceptible poultry to HPAI H5N1 virus introduced from China by illegally traded poultry. We found that the main products imported from China are spent hens, day-old chicks (DOCs) and ducklings; spent hens being introduced in very large number. The drivers of this trade are multiple: economic (especially for spent hens) but also technical (demand for improved genetic potential for DOC and ducklings). Furthermore, these introductions also meet a high consumer demand at certain periods of the year. We also found that spatial dispersion of a batch of poultry illegally introduced from China is extensive and rapid, making any prediction of possible new outbreaks very hazardous. Finally, a risk mitigation plan should include measures to tackle the drivers of this trade or to legally organize it, to limit the threat to the local poultry sector. It is also essential for traders to be progressively better organized and biosecure and for hygienic practices to be enforced, as our study confirmed that at-risk behaviours are still very common among this profession.
已知家禽流动会促使高致病性禽流感（HPAI）病毒传播。在越南北部，从中国非法进口家禽是一个令人担忧的源头，被认为是新H5N1病毒定期传入的原因。本研究的总体目标是更好地了解这种非法贸易（组织形式、规模、相关行为主体和驱动因素），以提出适当的预防和控制措施。这些信息还用于定性评估易感家禽因非法交易的家禽从中国传入HPAI H5N1病毒而面临的暴露风险。我们发现，从中国进口的主要产品是淘汰母鸡、一日龄雏鸡（DOC）和雏鸭；淘汰母鸡的进口量非常大。这种贸易的驱动因素是多方面的：经济因素（特别是对于淘汰母鸡）以及技术因素（对提高DOC和雏鸭遗传潜力的需求）。此外，在一年中的某些时期，这些进口产品也满足了很高的消费者需求。我们还发现，从中国非法引进的一批家禽的空间扩散范围广且速度快，使得对可能出现的新疫情进行任何预测都非常危险。最后，风险缓解计划应包括应对这种贸易驱动因素或使其合法化的措施，以限制对当地家禽业的威胁。贸易商逐步更好地组织起来并加强生物安全措施以及执行卫生规范也至关重要，因为我们的研究证实，该行业中存在风险的行为仍然非常普遍。
