Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname, Aichi, Japan.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Apr;65(2):465-475. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12726. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
The transportation of poultry and related products for international trade contributes to transboundary pathogen spread and disease outbreaks worldwide. To prevent pathogen incursion through poultry products, many countries have regulations about animal health and poultry product quarantine. However, in Japan, animal products have been illegally introduced into the country in baggage and confiscated at the airport. Lately, the number of illegally imported poultry and the incursion risk of transboundary pathogens through poultry products have been increasing. In this study, we isolated avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from raw poultry products illegally imported to Japan by international passengers. Highly (H5N1 and H5N6) and low (H9N2 and H1N2) pathogenic AIVs were isolated from raw chicken and duck products carried by flight passengers. H5 and H9 isolates were phylogenetically closely related to viruses isolated from poultry in China, and haemagglutinin genes of H5N1 and H5N6 isolates belonged to clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4, respectively. Experimental infections of H5 and H9 isolates in chickens and ducks demonstrated pathogenicity and tissue tropism to skeletal muscles. To prevent virus incursion by poultry products, it is important to encourage the phased cleaning based on the disease control and eradication and promote the reduction in contamination risk in animal products.
家禽及其相关产品的国际贸易运输有助于病原体跨界传播和世界范围内的疾病爆发。为了防止通过禽产品传入病原体，许多国家都有关于动物健康和禽产品检疫的规定。然而，在日本，动物产品被非法带入国内，在机场被没收。最近，非法进口的家禽数量以及通过禽产品跨界传入病原体的风险一直在增加。在这项研究中，我们从国际旅客非法带入日本的生禽产品中分离出了禽流感病毒（AIV）。从飞行旅客携带的生鸡肉和鸭肉产品中分离出了高致病性（H5N1 和 H5N6）和低致病性（H9N2 和 H1N2）AIV。H5 和 H9 分离株与中国家禽中分离出的病毒在系统进化上密切相关，H5N1 和 H5N6 分离株的血凝素基因分别属于 2.3.2.1c 和 2.3.4.4 分支。H5 和 H9 分离株在鸡和鸭中的实验感染表明其对骨骼肌具有致病性和组织嗜性。为了防止通过禽产品传入病毒，重要的是要鼓励在疾病控制和根除的基础上逐步清理，并促进减少动物产品的污染风险。
