“我们就称他们为人”：积极关注作为重度智力残疾者集体之家文化的一个维度
'We Just Call Them People': Positive Regard as a Dimension of Culture in Group Homes for People with Severe Intellectual Disability.
作者信息
Bigby Christine, Knox Marie, Beadle-Brown Julie, Clement Tim
机构信息
Living with Disability Research group, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Centre for Disability Studies, University of Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2015 Jul;28(4):283-95. doi: 10.1111/jar.12128. Epub 2014 Oct 1.
BACKGROUND
A dimension of the culture in group homes is staff regard for residents. In underperforming group homes, staff regard residents as being not 'like us' (Bigby, Knox, Beadle-Brown, Clement & Mansell, 2012). We hypothesized the opposite pole of this dimension, in higher performing group homes, would be that staff regard residents positively.
METHOD
Three in-depth qualitative case studies were conducted in higher performing group homes using participant observation, interviews and document review.
RESULTS
Consistent pattern of staff practices and talk, as well as artefacts, demonstrated staff had a positive regard for residents, who were seen as being 'like us'. Explicit and continuing attention was given to sustaining positive regard for residents in everyday staff practices and to turning abstract values into concrete realities.
CONCLUSIONS
This positive cultural norm was established, operationalized and embedded through structures, such as a formal policy about language, and processes such as peer monitoring and practice leadership.
背景
集体之家文化的一个维度是工作人员对居民的尊重。在表现不佳的集体之家中，工作人员认为居民与自己“不一样”（比格比、诺克斯、比德尔 - 布朗、克莱门特和曼塞尔，2012年）。我们推测，在表现较好的集体之家中，这个维度的相反极点是工作人员对居民持有积极的看法。
方法
在表现较好的集体之家中进行了三项深入的定性案例研究，采用参与观察、访谈和文件审查的方法。
结果
工作人员的实践、谈话以及人工制品呈现出一致的模式，表明工作人员对居民持有积极的看法，他们将居民视为“和我们一样”的人。在日常工作人员实践中，明确且持续地关注如何维持对居民的积极看法，并将抽象的价值观转化为具体的现实。
结论
这种积极的文化规范通过诸如关于语言的正式政策等结构以及同伴监督和实践领导等过程得以确立、实施和内化。
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