Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
Environ Microbiol. 2015 Apr;17(4):931-7. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12632. Epub 2014 Dec 17.
Living organisms take in essential molecules and get rid of wastes effectively through the selective transport of materials. Especially in the digestive tract, advanced transport systems are indispensable for the absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste products. These transport pathways control physiological functions by modulating the ionic environment inside and outside the cells. Moreover, recent studies have shown the importance of the expression of trafficking-related molecules and the population of gut microbiota. We found that the molecules secreted from microorganisms are imported into the cells via transporters or endocytosis and that they activate cell survival pathways of intestinal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that the interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells are mediated, at least partly, by the membrane transport systems. In addition, it is well known that the breakdown of transport systems induces various diseases. This review highlights the significance of the transport systems as the pathogenic molecules and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal disorders. For example, abnormal expression of the genes encoding membrane transport-related molecules is frequently involved in digestive diseases, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. We herein review the significance of these molecules as pathogenic and therapeutic targets for digestive diseases.
生物体通过物质的选择性运输有效地摄取必需分子并排出废物。特别是在消化道中，先进的运输系统对于吸收营养物质和排出废物产品是必不可少的。这些运输途径通过调节细胞内外的离子环境来控制生理功能。此外，最近的研究表明，与运输相关的分子的表达和肠道微生物群的种群的重要性。我们发现，微生物分泌的分子通过转运蛋白或内吞作用被导入细胞，并激活肠上皮细胞的细胞存活途径。这些发现表明，肠道微生物群和宿主细胞之间的相互作用至少部分是通过膜转运系统介导的。此外，众所周知，转运系统的破坏会引起各种疾病。这篇综述强调了转运系统作为胃肠道疾病中致病分子和治疗靶点的重要性。例如，编码膜转运相关分子的基因的异常表达经常涉及到消化疾病，如结直肠癌和炎症性肠病。我们在此综述了这些分子作为消化疾病的致病和治疗靶点的意义。
