McMahon Michael T, Chan Kannie W Y
F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Adv Cancer Res. 2014;124:297-327. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-411638-2.00009-4.
Molecular imaging plays an important role in the era of personalized medicine, especially with recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) probes. While the first generation of these probes focused on maximizing contrast enhancement, a second generation of probes has been developed to improve the accumulation within specific tissues or pathologies, and the newest generation of agents is also designed to report on changes in physiological status and has been termed "smart" agents. This represents a paradigm switch from the previously commercialized gadolinium and iron oxide probes to probes with new capabilities, and leads to new challenges as scanner hardware needs to be adapted for detecting these probes. In this chapter, we highlight the unique features for all five different categories of MR probes, including the emerging chemical exchange saturation transfer, (19)F, and hyperpolarized probes, and describe the key physical properties and features motivating their design. As part of this comparison, the strengths and weaknesses of each category are discussed.
分子成像在个性化医疗时代发挥着重要作用，尤其是随着磁共振（MR）探针的最新进展。第一代这类探针专注于最大化对比增强，而第二代探针已被开发出来以改善在特定组织或病变中的积聚，并且最新一代的试剂还被设计用于报告生理状态的变化，被称为“智能”试剂。这代表了从先前商业化的钆和氧化铁探针到具有新功能的探针的范式转变，并带来了新的挑战，因为扫描仪硬件需要进行调整以检测这些探针。在本章中，我们突出了所有五类不同MR探针的独特特性，包括新兴的化学交换饱和转移、（19）F和超极化探针，并描述了推动其设计的关键物理性质和特征。作为这种比较的一部分，还讨论了每一类的优缺点。
