Arria Amelia M, Bugbee Brittany A, Caldeira Kimberly M, Vincent Kathryn B
Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2014 Oct;72 Suppl 1(0 1):87-97. doi: 10.1111/nure.12129.
Sales of energy drinks have increased rapidly since their introduction to the marketplace in the 1990s. Despite the health concerns raised about these beverages, which are often highly caffeinated, surprisingly little data are available to estimate the prevalence of their use. This review presents the results of secondary data analyses of a nationally representative data set of schoolchildren in the United States and reviews the available research on the association between energy drink use and risk-taking behaviors. Approximately one-third of the students surveyed were recent users of energy drinks, with substantial variation by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Among the health and safety concerns related to energy drinks and their consumption is the possible potentiation of risk-taking behaviors. The review of available research reveals that, although there does appear to be a strong and consistent positive association between the use of energy drinks and risk-taking behavior, all but one of the available studies used cross-sectional designs, thereby limiting the ability to make inferences about the temporal nature of the association. Thus, more research is needed to understand the nature of this association and how energy drinks, particularly those containing caffeine, might impact adolescent health and safety, especially given the high prevalence of their use among youth.
自20世纪90年代能量饮料投放市场以来，其销量迅速增长。尽管人们对这些通常含有高浓度咖啡因的饮料的健康问题表示担忧，但令人惊讶的是，几乎没有数据可用于估计其使用的流行程度。本综述展示了对美国具有全国代表性的学童数据集进行二次数据分析的结果，并回顾了关于能量饮料使用与冒险行为之间关联的现有研究。大约三分之一接受调查的学生是能量饮料的近期使用者，且在年龄、性别和种族/民族方面存在很大差异。与能量饮料及其消费相关的健康和安全问题之一是冒险行为可能会增强。对现有研究的综述表明，尽管能量饮料的使用与冒险行为之间似乎确实存在强烈且一致的正相关，但除一项研究外，所有现有研究均采用横断面设计，从而限制了对这种关联的时间性质进行推断的能力。因此，需要更多研究来了解这种关联的性质，以及能量饮料，尤其是那些含有咖啡因的能量饮料，可能如何影响青少年的健康和安全，特别是考虑到它们在青少年中的高使用率。
