Zahran Eman, Risha Engy
Department of Internal Medicine, Infections and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2014 Dec;41(2):654-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.035. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
Arsenic intoxicant have long been regarded as an impending carcinogenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic heavy metal to human and animals as well. In this respect, we evaluated biomarkers of the innate immune response and oxidative stress metabolism in gills and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after arsenic exposure, and the protective role of Chlorella vulgaris (Ch) dietary supplementation were elucidated. Protective role of C. vulgaris (Ch), as supplementary feeds (5% and 10% of the diet) was studied in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) against arsenic induced toxicity (NaAsO2 at 7 ppm) for 21 days exposure period. A significant down-regulation in innate immune response; including, respiratory burst, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity followed due to deliberately As(+3) exposure. Similarly, oxidative stress response; like nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were significantly decreased. Combined treatment of Ch and As(+3) significantly enhanced the innate immune response and antioxidant activity. Strikingly, Ch supplementation at 10% has been considered the optimum for Nile tilapia since it exhibited enhancement of innate immune response and antioxidant activity over the level 5%, and even better than that of control level. Thus, our results concluded that dietary Ch supplementation could protect Nile tilapia against arsenic induced immunosuppression and oxidative stresses.
长期以来，砷中毒一直被视为对人类和动物具有潜在致癌、基因毒性和免疫毒性的重金属。在这方面，我们评估了尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）鳃和肝脏在砷暴露后的先天免疫反应和氧化应激代谢生物标志物，并阐明了添加普通小球藻（Ch）作为饲料的保护作用。研究了普通小球藻（Ch）作为补充饲料（占日粮的5%和10%）对尼罗罗非鱼（O. niloticus）抵抗砷诱导毒性（7 ppm的NaAsO2）21天暴露期的保护作用。由于故意暴露于As(+3)，先天免疫反应显著下调；包括呼吸爆发、溶菌酶和杀菌活性。同样，氧化应激反应；如一氧化氮（NO）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H2O2）水平显著降低。Ch和As(+3)的联合处理显著增强了先天免疫反应和抗氧化活性。令人惊讶的是，10%的Ch添加量被认为是尼罗罗非鱼的最佳添加量，因为它在先天免疫反应和抗氧化活性方面比5%的水平有所提高，甚至优于对照水平。因此，我们的结果得出结论，日粮中添加Ch可以保护尼罗罗非鱼免受砷诱导的免疫抑制和氧化应激。
