Ma Ke, Bao Qiuwen, Wu Yue, Chen Siwei, Zhao Shuxin, Wu Haizhen, Fan Jianhua
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Nov 16;8:590431. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590431. eCollection 2020.
Microalgae are often used as nutritional supplements for aquatic animals and are widely used in the aquaculture industry, providing direct or indirect nutrients for many aquatic animals. Microalgae are abundant in nature, of high nutritional value, and some of them are non-toxic and rich in antioxidants so that they can be explored as a medicinal carrier for human or animals. Natural wild-type microalgae can be adopted as an immunostimulant to enhance non-specific immune response and improve growth performance, among which spp. are commonly used. At present, there have been some successful cases of using microalgae to develop oral vaccines in the aquaculture industry. Researchers usually develop recombinant vaccines based on , and cyanobacteria. Among them, in the genetic modification of eukaryotic microalgae, many examples are expressing antigen genes in chloroplasts. They are all used for the prevention and control of single infectious diseases and most of them are resistant to shrimp virus infection. However, there is still no effective strategy targeting polymicrobial infections and few commercial vaccines are available. Although several species of microalgae are widely developed in the aquaculture industry, many of them have not yet established an effective and mature genetic manipulation system. This article systematically analyzes and discusses the above problems to provide ideas for the future development of highly effective microalgae recombinant oral vaccines.
微藻常被用作水产动物的营养补充剂，在水产养殖业中广泛应用，为许多水产动物提供直接或间接的营养物质。微藻在自然界中分布广泛，营养价值高，其中一些无毒且富含抗氧化剂，因此可被开发为人类或动物的药物载体。天然野生型微藻可作为免疫刺激剂，增强非特异性免疫反应并提高生长性能，其中 属微藻常用。目前，水产养殖业中已有一些利用微藻开发口服疫苗的成功案例。研究人员通常基于 、蓝细菌开发重组疫苗。其中，在真核微藻的基因改造中，许多例子是在叶绿体中表达抗原基因。它们都用于预防和控制单一传染病，且大多对虾病毒感染具有抗性。然而，针对多种微生物感染仍没有有效的策略，商业疫苗也很少。尽管几种微藻在水产养殖业中得到广泛开发，但其中许多尚未建立有效且成熟的基因操作体系。本文系统分析和讨论上述问题，为未来高效微藻重组口服疫苗的发展提供思路。
