Colling Lincoln J, Williamson Kellie
School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Department of Cognitive Science and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Sep 25;8:754. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00754. eCollection 2014.
Joint actions, such as music and dance, rely crucially on the ability of two, or more, agents to align their actions with great temporal precision. Within the literature that seeks to explain how this action alignment is possible, two broad approaches have appeared. The first, what we term the entrainment approach, has sought to explain these alignment phenomena in terms of the behavioral dynamics of the system of two agents. The second, what we term the emulator approach, has sought to explain these alignment phenomena in terms of mechanisms, such as forward and inverse models, that are implemented in the brain. They have often been pitched as alternative explanations of the same phenomena; however, we argue that this view is mistaken, because, as we show, these two approaches are engaged in distinct, and not mutually exclusive, explanatory tasks. While the entrainment approach seeks to uncover the general laws that govern behavior the emulator approach seeks to uncover mechanisms. We argue that is possible to do both and that the entrainment approach must pay greater attention to the mechanisms that support the behavioral dynamics of interest. In short, the entrainment approach must be transformed into a neuroentrainment approach by adopting a mechanistic view of explanation and by seeking mechanisms that are implemented in the brain.
诸如音乐和舞蹈这样的联合行动，关键依赖于两个或更多个体能够极其精确地在时间上对齐他们的行动。在试图解释这种行动对齐如何成为可能的文献中，出现了两种主要的方法。第一种，我们称之为“同步方法”，它试图依据两个个体组成的系统的行为动力学来解释这些对齐现象。第二种，我们称之为“模拟器方法”，它试图依据大脑中所实现的诸如正向和反向模型等机制来解释这些对齐现象。它们常常被视为对相同现象的替代性解释；然而，我们认为这种观点是错误的，因为正如我们所表明的，这两种方法从事的是不同的、并非相互排斥的解释任务。同步方法旨在揭示支配行为的一般规律，而模拟器方法旨在揭示机制。我们认为可以同时进行这两项工作，并且同步方法必须更加关注支持相关行为动力学的机制。简而言之，同步方法必须通过采用一种机械论的解释观点并寻找大脑中实现的机制，转变为神经同步方法。
