Jung Chau-Ren, Lin Yu-Ting, Hwang Bing-Fang
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44(2):573-84. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140855.
Several studies with animal research associate air pollution in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, but the actual impact of air pollution on the risk of AD is unknown. Here, this study investigates the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and newly diagnosed AD in Taiwan. We conducted a cohort study of 95,690 individuals' age ≥ 65 during 2001-2010. We obtained PM10 and O3 data from Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency during 2000-2010. Since PM2.5 data is only accessible entirely after 2006, we used the mean ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 during 2006-2010 (0.57) to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2005. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between O3 and PM2.5 at baseline and changes of O3 and PM2.5 during the follow-up period and AD. The adjusted HR for AD was weakly associated with a raised concentration in O3 at baseline per increase of 9.63 ppb (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.12). Further, we estimated a 211% risk of increase of AD per increase of 10.91 ppb in O3 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.92-3.33). We found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 μg/m3 in PM2.5 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.21-2.56). These findings suggest long-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5 above the current US EPA standards are associated with increased the risk of AD.
多项动物研究表明空气污染与阿尔茨海默病（AD）神经病理学有关，但空气污染对AD风险的实际影响尚不清楚。在此，本研究调查了台湾地区长期暴露于臭氧（O3）和空气动力学直径小于或等于2.5μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）与新诊断AD之间的关联。我们对2001年至2010年期间95690名年龄≥65岁的个体进行了队列研究。我们从台湾环境保护局获取了2000年至2010年期间的PM10和O3数据。由于PM2.5数据在2006年之后才完全可用，我们使用2006年至2010年期间PM2.5与PM10的平均比值（0.57）来估算2000年至2005年期间的PM2.5浓度。使用Cox比例风险模型评估基线时O3和PM2.5以及随访期间O3和PM2.5的变化与AD之间的关联。AD的校正风险比与基线时O3浓度每增加9.63 ppb呈弱关联（校正风险比1.06，95%置信区间（CI）1.00 - 1.12）。此外，我们估计随访期间O3每增加10.91 ppb，AD风险增加211%（95% CI 2.92 - 3.33）。我们发现随访期间PM2.5每增加4.34μg/m3，AD风险增加138%（95% CI 2.21 - 2.56）。这些发现表明，长期暴露于高于美国环境保护局当前标准的O3和PM2.5与AD风险增加有关。
