Tripicchio Gina L, Keller Kathleen L, Johnson Cassandra, Pietrobelli Angelo, Heo Moonseong, Faith Myles S
Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1399-404. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3828. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Restrictive feeding is associated with childhood obesity; however, this could be due to other factors that drive children to overeat and parents to restrict (eg, child genetics). Using a twin design to better control for confounders, we tested differences in restrictive feeding within families in relation to differences in twins' self-regulatory eating and weight status.
Sixty-four same-gender twin pairs (4-7 years old) were studied with their mothers. Child caloric compensation ability (COMPX% index) was assessed by using a laboratory-based protocol. The Child Feeding Questionnaire assessed mothers' self-reported feeding styles toward each twin. Child BMI (kg/m(2)) and BMI z score were calculated by using measured weight and height; percent body fat and waist circumference were also assessed. Partial correlations examined within-twin pair differences in Child Feeding Questionnaire subscales in relation to within-twin pair differences in anthropometry and caloric compensation (COMPX%).
Differences in maternal restriction were significantly associated with within-pair differences in child COMPX% and BMI z score. Mothers reported more restriction toward the heavier and more poorly compensating twin. Additionally, within-pair differences in parental pressure to eat were associated with significant differences in BMI z score, percent body fat, and waist circumference. Mothers were more pressuring toward the lighter twin.
Mothers vary in their feeding practices, even among same-gender twin pairs, which might influence differences in adiposity. Future research needs to elucidate cause-and-effect and intervention implications regarding parental restriction and pressure-to-eat prompts.
限制性喂养与儿童肥胖有关；然而，这可能是由于其他因素导致儿童暴饮暴食以及父母进行限制（例如儿童基因）。我们采用双胞胎设计以更好地控制混杂因素，测试了家庭内部限制性喂养方面的差异与双胞胎自我调节饮食及体重状况差异之间的关系。
对64对同性别双胞胎（4 - 7岁）及其母亲进行了研究。通过基于实验室的方案评估儿童的热量补偿能力（COMPX%指数）。儿童喂养问卷评估了母亲对每个双胞胎自我报告的喂养方式。通过测量的体重和身高计算儿童BMI（kg/m²）和BMI z评分；还评估了体脂百分比和腰围。偏相关分析考察了儿童喂养问卷各分量表中双胞胎对内差异与人体测量学和热量补偿（COMPX%）双胞胎对内差异之间的关系。
母亲限制方面的差异与儿童COMPX%和BMI z评分的双胞胎对内差异显著相关。母亲报告对体重较重且补偿能力较差的双胞胎限制更多。此外，父母进食压力的双胞胎对内差异与BMI z评分、体脂百分比和腰围的显著差异相关。母亲对体重较轻的双胞胎施压更多。
即使在同性别双胞胎对中，母亲的喂养方式也存在差异，这可能会影响肥胖程度的差异。未来的研究需要阐明父母限制和进食压力提示的因果关系及干预意义。
