Brian M. D'Onofrio is with Indiana University, Bloomington. Benjamin B. Lahey is with the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Eric Turkheimer is with the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Paul Lichtenstein is with the Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Oct;103 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S46-55. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301252. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Researchers have identified environmental risks that predict subsequent psychological and medical problems. Based on these correlational findings, researchers have developed and tested complex developmental models and have examined biological moderating factors (e.g., gene-environment interactions). In this context, we stress the critical need for researchers to use family-based, quasi-experimental designs when trying to integrate genetic and social science research involving environmental variables because these designs rigorously examine causal inferences by testing competing hypotheses. We argue that sibling comparison, offspring of twins or siblings, in vitro fertilization designs, and other genetically informed approaches play a unique role in bridging gaps between basic biological and social science research. We use studies on maternal smoking during pregnancy to exemplify these principles.
研究人员已经确定了一些环境风险因素，这些因素可以预测随后的心理和医疗问题。基于这些相关性研究结果，研究人员已经开发并测试了复杂的发展模型，并研究了生物调节因素（例如，基因-环境相互作用）。在这种情况下，我们强调研究人员在尝试整合涉及环境变量的遗传和社会科学研究时，迫切需要使用基于家庭的准实验设计，因为这些设计通过测试竞争性假设，严格检验因果推论。我们认为，兄弟姐妹比较、双胞胎或兄弟姐妹的子女、体外受精设计以及其他基于遗传的方法，在弥合基础生物学和社会科学研究之间的差距方面发挥着独特的作用。我们使用孕期母亲吸烟的研究来举例说明这些原则。
