Institute for Global Studies, University of Minnesota, USA.
Department of Geography, University of Washington, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 Mar;129:68-77. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.047. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
The One Health approach integrates health investigations across the tree of life, including, but not limited to, wildlife, livestock, crops, and humans. It redresses an epistemological alienation at the heart of much modern population health, which has long segregated studies by species. Up to this point, however, One Health research has also omitted addressing fundamental structural causes underlying collapsing health ecologies. In this critical review we unpack the relationship between One Health science and its political economy, particularly the conceptual and methodological trajectories by which it fails to incorporate social determinants of epizootic spillover. We also introduce a Structural One Health that addresses the research gap. The new science, open to incorporating developments across the social sciences, addresses foundational processes underlying multispecies health, including the place-specific deep-time histories, cultural infrastructure, and economic geographies driving disease emergence. We introduce an ongoing project on avian influenza to illustrate Structural One Health's scope and ambition. For the first time researchers are quantifying the relationships among transnational circuits of capital, associated shifts in agroecological landscapes, and the genetic evolution and spatial spread of a xenospecific pathogen.
“同一健康”方法将生命之树各个层面的健康调查整合在一起，包括但不限于野生动物、家畜、农作物和人类。它纠正了长期以来将物种隔离研究的现代人口健康的核心认识论异化。然而，到目前为止，“同一健康”研究也没有解决健康生态系统崩溃的根本结构性原因。在这篇批判性评论中，我们剖析了“同一健康”科学与其政治经济学之间的关系，特别是它未能将疫病溢出的社会决定因素纳入其中的概念和方法轨迹。我们还引入了一个解决这一研究空白的“结构性同一健康”。这一新科学开放地吸收社会科学的发展，解决了多物种健康的基础过程，包括驱动疾病出现的特定地点的深时历史、文化基础设施和经济地理。我们介绍了一个正在进行的禽流感项目，来说明“结构性同一健康”的范围和雄心。研究人员首次定量分析了跨国资本循环、相关农业生态景观的转变，以及异种病原体的遗传进化和空间传播之间的关系。
