Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 1;60(3):453-62. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu779. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. DM diagnosis and management among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is a particularly relevant topic as the HIV-infected population ages and more HIV-infected individuals live with chronic medical comorbidities. Although there is mixed evidence regarding HIV as an independent risk factor for DM, multiple factors related to HIV and its treatment are associated with DM. This review covers the epidemiology of DM in HIV-infected patients, and diagnosis, management, and treatment goals for DM in HIV-infected patients. We highlight the most recent DM treatment guidelines from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, emphasizing individualization of DM medication therapy and treatment goals. Finally, we review a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular disease risk reduction in HIV-infected patients with DM and measures to prevent other complications of DM.
糖尿病（DM）是一种常见的病症，与显著的发病率和死亡率相关。在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染患者中，DM 的诊断和管理是一个特别相关的话题，因为 HIV 感染人群正在老龄化，并且越来越多的 HIV 感染者患有慢性合并症。尽管关于 HIV 是否是 DM 的独立危险因素存在混合证据，但与 HIV 及其治疗相关的多种因素与 DM 相关。这篇综述涵盖了 HIV 感染患者中 DM 的流行病学，以及 HIV 感染患者中 DM 的诊断、管理和治疗目标。我们强调了美国糖尿病协会和欧洲糖尿病研究协会的最新 DM 治疗指南，强调了 DM 药物治疗和治疗目标的个体化。最后，我们回顾了 HIV 感染合并 DM 患者降低心血管疾病风险的综合方法以及预防 DM 其他并发症的措施。
