Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA ; National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (NCPTSD), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Colombia University, New York, NY, USA.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014 Oct 1;5. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338. eCollection 2014.
In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).
在这篇论文中，受 2013 年国际创伤后应激研究学会全体会议专题小组讨论的启发，史蒂文·索思威克博士（主席）和多学科小组成员乔治·邦纳诺博士、安·马斯特恩博士、凯瑟琳·潘特-布里克博士和雷切尔·叶胡达博士探讨了韧性研究领域中一些最紧迫的当前问题，包括：（1）我们如何定义韧性，（2）韧性的最重要决定因素是什么，（3）新技术如何为韧性科学提供信息，以及（4）增强韧性的最有效方法是什么？这些多学科专家深入探讨了这些难题，尽管小组成员对韧性的定义略有不同，但大多数提出的定义都包含了在逆境后随着时间的推移健康、适应或整合积极功能的概念。小组成员一致认为，韧性是一个复杂的结构，它在个体、家庭、组织、社会和文化的背景下可能有不同的定义。关于韧性的决定因素，人们一致认为，需要从多个层次的分析角度来研究这一结构，包括遗传、表观遗传、发展、人口统计学、文化、经济和社会变量。对韧性决定因素的实证研究将为培养韧性的努力提供信息，同时认识到韧性可以在许多层面上得到增强（例如，个体、家庭、社区、文化）。
