Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit and UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre for Diet and Activity Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Dec;168(12):1093-100. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1794.
Physical activity (PA) may have a positive effect on depressed mood. However, whether it can act as a protective factor against developing depressive symptoms in adolescence is largely unknown.
To investigate the association between objectively measured PA and depressive symptoms during 3 years of adolescence.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a longitudinal study between November 1, 2005, and January 31, 2010, of a community-based sample from Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, United Kingdom, that included 736 participants (mean [SD] age, 14.5 years [6 months]). The follow-up period was approximately 3 years after baseline (the ROOTS study). Linear regression models were fitted using physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the predictors and depressive symptoms as the outcome variable. Binomial logistic regression models were also fitted using PAEE and MVPA as the predictors and clinical depression as the outcome measure.
Exercise.
Individually calibrated heart rate and movement sensing were used to measure PA at baseline only. Physical activity summary measures included total PAEE and time spent in MVPA. These measures were divided into weekend and weekday activity. All participants also completed the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, a self-report measure of current depressive symptoms, and took part in a Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version interview at baseline and 3 years later.
Depressive symptoms at 3-year follow-up were not significantly predicted by any of the 4 PA measures at baseline: weekend MVPA (unstandardized β = 0.02; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.20; P = .79), weekday MVPA (β = 0.00; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.17; P = .99), weekend PAEE (β = 0.03; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.20; P = .75), and weekday PAEE (β = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.14; P = .71). This was also true for major depressive disorder diagnoses at follow-up: weekend MVPA (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 0.76-2.48; P = .30), weekday MVPA (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.74-2.37; P = .34), weekend PAEE (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67-2.10; P = .56), and weekday PAEE (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52-1.63; P = .78).
No longitudinal association between objectively measured PA and the development of depressive symptoms was observed in this large population-based sample. These results do not support the hypothesis that PA protects against developing depressive symptoms in adolescence.
身体活动（PA）可能对抑郁情绪产生积极影响。然而，它是否可以作为预防青少年出现抑郁症状的保护因素，在很大程度上尚不清楚。
研究 3 年内青少年时期客观测量的身体活动与抑郁症状之间的关联。
设计、设置和参与者：我们进行了一项基于社区的英国剑桥郡和萨福克郡的纵向研究，参与者为 736 名（平均[SD]年龄 14.5 岁[6 个月]）。随访期约为基线后 3 年（ROOTS 研究）。使用身体活动能量消耗（PAEE）和中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA）作为预测因子，抑郁症状作为结果变量，使用线性回归模型进行拟合。还使用 PAEE 和 MVPA 作为预测因子，使用临床抑郁症作为结果测量指标，使用二项逻辑回归模型进行拟合。
运动。
仅在基线使用单独校准的心率和运动感应来测量 PA。身体活动综合指标包括总 PAEE 和 MVPA 时间。这些措施分为周末和工作日活动。所有参与者还完成了心境和情绪问卷，该问卷是当前抑郁症状的自我报告测量工具，并在基线和 3 年后参加了儿童时期情感障碍和精神分裂症的时间表-现在和终身版本访谈。
在 3 年的随访中，没有任何 4 项 PA 测量指标（周末 MVPA：未标准化β=0.02；95%CI，-0.15 至 0.20；P=0.79）、工作日 MVPA（β=0.00；95%CI，-0.17 至 0.17；P=0.99）、周末 PAEE（β=0.03；95%CI，-0.14 至 0.20；P=0.75）和工作日 PAEE（β=-0.03；95%CI，-0.20 至 0.14；P=0.71）可显著预测 3 年后的抑郁症状。对于随访时的重性抑郁障碍诊断也是如此：周末 MVPA（比值比[OR]，1.37；95%CI，0.76-2.48；P=0.30）、工作日 MVPA（OR，1.33；95%CI，0.74-2.37；P=0.34）、周末 PAEE（OR，1.19；95%CI，0.67-2.10；P=0.56）和工作日 PAEE（OR，0.92；95%CI，0.52-1.63；P=0.78）。
在这个大型基于人群的样本中，未观察到客观测量的 PA 与抑郁症状发展之间存在纵向关联。这些结果不支持 PA 可预防青少年出现抑郁症状的假设。
