Bogstrand Stig Tore, Høiseth Gudrun, Rossow Ingeborg, Normann Per Trygve, Ekeberg Oivind
Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway Emergency Department, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway Lovisenberg University College, Lovisenberggt. 15b, 0456 Oslo, Norway
Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2015 Jan;50(1):68-73. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agu070. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Presence of EtG or EtS among patients injured when driving or at work may indicate that very low BAC or residual effects of alcohol at the time of the accident may be associated with increased accident risk. The aim of this study was to assess: whether the alcohol metabolites EtG and EtS were present in a sample of patients injured when driving or injured at work, even if their blood alcohol concentration was negative; and, if EtG and EtS were present, what characterized these patients.
Blood samples from patients admitted for treatment of injuries at a Norwegian emergency department were tested for alcohol, EtG and EtS. All samples were also analysed for medicinal and illicit psychoactive substances.
One hundred and ninety-two injured patients who were admitted <12 h after injury were included in the study. EtG or EtS were the most prevalent substances in the sample (17%), and a substantial proportion of the patients who tested negative for all other substances tested positive for EtG or EtS (8%). These patients were older than the rest of the sample and drank alcohol more often, according to their self-report.
EtG and EtS were prevalent among patients injured when driving or injured at work, including patients negative for all other substances. EtG and EtS should be included in future case-control studies of psychoactive substance use among injured patients to investigate the possible association between residual alcohol effects and injuries.
在驾车或工作时受伤的患者中检测到乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷（EtG）或硫酸乙酯（EtS），可能表明事故发生时血液酒精浓度极低或酒精残留效应可能与事故风险增加有关。本研究的目的是评估：在驾车或工作时受伤的患者样本中，即使其血液酒精浓度为阴性，是否存在酒精代谢物EtG和EtS；以及，如果存在EtG和EtS，这些患者有何特征。
对挪威一家急诊科收治的受伤患者的血液样本进行酒精、EtG和EtS检测。所有样本还分析了药用和非法精神活性物质。
192名受伤后12小时内入院的患者纳入研究。EtG或EtS是样本中最常见的物质（17%），很大一部分对所有其他物质检测呈阴性的患者对EtG或EtS检测呈阳性（8%）。根据他们的自我报告，这些患者比样本中的其他患者年龄更大，饮酒更频繁。
EtG和EtS在驾车或工作时受伤的患者中普遍存在，包括对所有其他物质检测呈阴性的患者。EtG和EtS应纳入未来受伤患者精神活性物质使用的病例对照研究中，以调查酒精残留效应与损伤之间的可能关联。
