Mlcochova Hana, Hezova Renata, Meli Albano C, Slaby Ondrej
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1218:439-63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1538-5_26.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. In the last decade, number of evidences showing miRNAs contribution to the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other important cellular processes is constantly growing. Specific miRNA expression signatures have been identified in variety of human cancers as well as pathologies of cardiovascular and urinary systems. Our chapter focuses on the potential of urinary miRNAs to serve as biomarkers in uro-oncology, nephrology, and cardiology. We discuss in detail recent knowledge about the origin of urinary miRNAs, their stability, quality control, and their utility as a potential new class of biomarkers in medicine. Finally, we summarize the studies focusing on detection and characterization of urinary miRNAs as potential biomarkers in urologic cancers, nephrology, and cardiology.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，可在转录后水平调控基因表达。在过去十年中，越来越多的证据表明miRNA在细胞凋亡、增殖、分化及其他重要细胞过程的调控中发挥作用。在多种人类癌症以及心血管和泌尿系统疾病中，已鉴定出特定的miRNA表达特征。本章重点探讨尿液miRNA作为泌尿肿瘤学、肾脏病学和心脏病学中生物标志物的潜力。我们详细讨论了关于尿液miRNA的起源、稳定性、质量控制及其作为医学中潜在新型生物标志物的应用的最新知识。最后，我们总结了聚焦于检测和鉴定尿液miRNA作为泌尿外科癌症、肾脏病学和心脏病学中潜在生物标志物的研究。
