Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Transl Med. 2016 Jun;4(12):236. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.06.
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of genetic, epigenetic and translational regulators, containing short and long transcripts with intriguing abilities for use as biomarkers due to their superordinate role in disease development. In the past five years many of these have been investigated in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. To extend this view, we summarize the existing data about ncRNA as biomarker in the whole entity of CVDs by literature-based review and comparison of the identified candidates. The myomirs miRNA-1, -133a/b, -208a, -499 with well-defined cellular functions have proven equal to classic protein biomarkers for disease detection in MI. Other microRNAs (miRNAs) were reproducibly found to correlate with disease, disease severity and outcome in heart failure, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic aneurysm. An additional utilization has been discovered for therapeutic monitoring. The function of long non-coding transcripts is only about to be unraveled, yet shows great potential for outcome prediction. ncRNA biomarkers have a distinct role if no alternative test is available or has is performing poorly. With increasing mechanistic understanding, circulating miRNA and long non-coding transcripts will provide useful disease information with high predictive power.
非编码 RNA（ncRNA）是一类遗传、表观遗传和翻译调节剂，包含短链和长链转录物，由于其在疾病发展中的重要作用，具有作为生物标志物的有趣能力。在过去五年中，这些 ncRNA 中的许多已经在心血管疾病（CVD）中进行了研究，主要是心肌梗死（MI）和心力衰竭。为了扩展这一观点，我们通过文献综述和对已确定候选物的比较，总结了 ncRNA 作为 CVD 中生物标志物的现有数据。具有明确细胞功能的肌源性 miRNA-1、-133a/b、-208a、-499 已被证明与 MI 疾病检测中的经典蛋白质生物标志物一样有效。其他 microRNAs（miRNAs）在心力衰竭、中风、冠心病（CAD）和主动脉瘤中也被发现与疾病、疾病严重程度和预后相关。此外，还发现了用于治疗监测的用途。长链非编码转录物的功能才刚刚开始被揭示，但具有很大的预后预测潜力。如果没有其他替代测试或测试效果不佳，ncRNA 生物标志物将具有独特的作用。随着对机制的理解不断加深，循环 miRNA 和长链非编码转录物将提供具有高预测能力的有用疾病信息。
