Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Oct;401(7):2051-61. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5001-8. Epub 2011 May 6.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules with the ability to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression via targeting the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs. miRNAs are critical for normal cellular functions such as the regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, and they target genes during embryonal and postnatal development, whereas their expression is unbalanced in various pathological states. Importantly, miRNAs are abundantly present in body fluids (e.g., blood), which are routinely examined in patients. These molecules circulate in free and exosome encapsulated forms, and can be efficiently detected and amplified by means of molecular biology tools such as real-time PCR. Together with relative stability, specificity, and reproducibility, they are seen as good candidates for early recognition of the onset of disease. Thus, miRNAs might be considered as biomarkers for many pathological states.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是一类具有调控基因表达能力的小非编码 RNA 分子，通过靶向信使 RNA 的 3'非翻译区发挥作用。miRNAs 在细胞周期、分化和凋亡等正常细胞功能中发挥着重要作用，并在胚胎和出生后发育过程中靶向基因，而在各种病理状态下其表达失衡。重要的是，miRNAs 大量存在于体液（如血液）中，这些体液在患者中常规检测。这些分子以游离和外泌体包裹的形式循环，并可通过实时 PCR 等分子生物学工具进行有效检测和扩增。由于其具有相对稳定性、特异性和可重复性，因此被视为早期识别疾病发生的良好候选物。因此，miRNAs 可以被视为许多病理状态的生物标志物。
