Pförtner Timo-Kolja, Günther Sebastian, Levin Kate A, Torsheim Torbjørn, Richter Matthias
Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
NHSGGC, Public Health Directorate, West House, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Feb;69(2):177-84. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204529. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Recent research has emphasised that the challenge in researching socioeconomic differences in adolescent health cross-nationally lies in providing valid and comparable measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) across regions. This study aims to examine measures of occupational status derived from the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), alongside commonly used affluence measures in association with adolescent self-rated health (SRH).
Data were from the 2005/2006 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study' (HBSC); 27 649 individuals aged 11, 13 and 15 years from Germany, Macedonia, Norway, Turkey, Wales and Scotland. Three occupational scales were compared: the International Socioeconomic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI), the Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale (SIOPS) and the Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero class categories (EGP). Correlation analyses compared these occupational scales with the family affluence scale (FAS) and a family well-off measure, while logistic regression assessed the association between occupational scales and poor SRH. Multiple imputation techniques investigated possible bias arising from parental occupation missingness.
Moderate correlations existed between occupational scales and FAS and family well-off. Socioeconomic inequalities in poor SRH were found for ISEI, SIOPS and EGP in all regions, independent of FAS and family well-off. Models of imputed data sets did not alter the results. The relationship between SEP and SRH was therefore not biased by high levels of missing values for ISCO.
ISCO-based indicators of occupational status in cross-national self-administered adolescent health surveys were found to be robust measures of SEP in adolescence. These measure different aspects of SEP independent of FAS and family well-off.
近期研究强调，在跨国研究青少年健康方面的社会经济差异时，挑战在于提供各地区社会经济地位（SEP）的有效且可比的衡量指标。本研究旨在检验源自《国际职业分类标准》（ISCO）的职业地位衡量指标，以及与青少年自评健康（SRH）相关的常用富裕程度衡量指标。
数据来自2005/2006年“学龄儿童健康行为研究”（HBSC）；来自德国、马其顿、挪威、土耳其、威尔士和苏格兰的27649名11岁、13岁和15岁的个体。比较了三个职业量表：国际职业地位社会经济指数（ISEI）、标准国际职业声望量表（SIOPS）和埃里克森 - 戈德索普 - 波托卡罗职业类别（EGP）。相关性分析将这些职业量表与家庭富裕量表（FAS）和家庭富裕程度衡量指标进行比较，而逻辑回归评估职业量表与不良SRH之间的关联。多重插补技术研究了因父母职业缺失而可能产生的偏差。
职业量表与FAS和家庭富裕程度之间存在中等程度的相关性。在所有地区，ISEI、SIOPS和EGP在不良SRH方面都存在社会经济不平等，且独立于FAS和家庭富裕程度。插补数据集模型并未改变结果。因此，SEP与SRH之间的关系不会因ISCO的高缺失值水平而产生偏差。
在跨国自行管理的青少年健康调查中，基于ISCO的职业地位指标被发现是青春期SEP的稳健衡量指标。这些指标独立于FAS和家庭富裕程度衡量了SEP的不同方面。
