Ramakrishnan Aditi, Sambuco Dana, Jagsi Reshma
1 Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014 Nov;23(11):927-34. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4736. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Although much literature has focused on the status of female physicians in the United States, limited English-language studies have examined the role of women in the medical profession elsewhere in the world. This article synthesizes evidence regarding the status of female physicians in three purposively selected regions outside the United States: Japan, Scandinavia, and Russia and Eastern Europe. These three regions markedly differ in the proportion of female physicians in the workforce, overall status of the medical profession, cultural views of gender roles, and workforce policies. Through a review of studies and articles published between 1992 and 2012 examining women's representation, status measures such as salary and leadership positions, and experiences of female physicians, the authors discuss potential relationships between the representation of female physicians, their status in medicine, and the overall status of the profession. The findings suggest that even when women constitute a high proportion of the physician workforce, they may continue to be underrepresented in positions of leadership and prestige. Evolving workforce policies, environments, and cultural views of gender roles appear to play a critical role in mediating the relationship between women's participation in the medical profession and their ability to rise to positions of influence within it. These insights are informative for the ongoing debates over the impact of the demographic shifts in the composition of the medical workforce in the United States.
尽管大量文献聚焦于美国女医生的地位，但用英文撰写的研究中，仅有少数考察了女性在世界其他地区医疗行业中的作用。本文综合了关于美国以外三个经过特意挑选的地区（日本、斯堪的纳维亚以及俄罗斯和东欧）女医生地位的证据。这三个地区在劳动力队伍中女医生的比例、医疗行业的整体地位、性别角色的文化观念以及劳动力政策方面存在显著差异。通过回顾1992年至2012年间发表的研究和文章，这些研究考察了女性的代表性、诸如薪资和领导职位等地位衡量指标以及女医生的经历，作者们探讨了女医生的代表性、她们在医学领域的地位以及该行业整体地位之间的潜在关系。研究结果表明，即便女性在医生劳动力队伍中占比很高，她们在领导职位和享有声望的职位上可能仍然代表性不足。不断演变的劳动力政策、环境以及性别角色的文化观念，似乎在调节女性参与医疗行业与其在该行业中升至有影响力职位的能力之间的关系方面发挥着关键作用。这些见解对于美国医疗劳动力构成的人口结构变化影响的持续辩论具有参考价值。
