Kramer Maud, Könings Karen D, Prins Jelle T, van der Heijden Frank M M A, Heyligers Ide C
School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen/Geleen, Netherlands.
Med Sci Educ. 2024 Jun 18;34(5):1023-1036. doi: 10.1007/s40670-024-02084-y. eCollection 2024 Oct.
We explored whether gender differences in burnout and work engagement characteristics among residents changed after the representation of female physicians has surpassed the 30% threshold of critical mass between 2005 and 2015, as well as if these gender differences are influenced by working in a surgical versus a non-surgical specialty.
This study used data of two questionnaire surveys on the well-being of Dutch residents, collected in 2005 ( = 2115) and 2015 ( = 1231). Burnout was measured with the validated Dutch translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, covering the characteristics emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Work engagement was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, covering the characteristics vigour, dedication and absorption. Gender differences in residents' engagement and burnout characteristics in 2005 and 2015 were analysed using hierarchical regression analyses. Factorial analyses of variance were used to compare gender differences in residents' burnout and engagement characteristics in general surgery with those in internal medicine.
In both years, female residents reported higher emotional exhaustion, lower depersonalisation, personal accomplishment, and vigour than males. These gender differences were similar in general surgery and internal medicine.
This study demonstrated unchanged gender differences in burnout and work engagement characteristics among residents after 10 years of demographic feminisation (increasing female representation), indicating higher risk for burnout and lower work engagement among females, both in surgical and non-surgical specialties. In view of the ever-increasing number of female residents, educators and hospitals need to create supporting work environments that safeguard residents' well-being.
我们探讨了在2005年至2015年间女性医生的占比超过关键数量的30%阈值后，住院医师职业倦怠和工作投入特征方面的性别差异是否发生了变化，以及这些性别差异是否受到从事外科与非外科专业工作的影响。
本研究使用了两次关于荷兰住院医师幸福感的问卷调查数据，分别于2005年（n = 2115）和2015年（n = 1231）收集。职业倦怠用经过验证的荷兰语版马氏职业倦怠量表进行测量，涵盖情感耗竭、去个性化和个人成就感等特征。工作投入用乌得勒支工作投入量表进行测量，涵盖活力、奉献和专注等特征。使用分层回归分析来分析2005年和2015年住院医师工作投入和职业倦怠特征方面的性别差异。方差分析用于比较普通外科和内科住院医师职业倦怠和工作投入特征方面的性别差异。
在这两年中，女性住院医师报告的情感耗竭程度高于男性，去个性化、个人成就感和活力程度低于男性。这些性别差异在普通外科和内科中相似。
本研究表明，在经历了10年的人口女性化（女性占比增加）后，住院医师职业倦怠和工作投入特征方面的性别差异没有变化，这表明无论是在外科还是非外科专业中，女性出现职业倦怠的风险更高，工作投入程度更低。鉴于女性住院医师数量不断增加，教育工作者和医院需要营造支持性的工作环境，以保障住院医师的幸福感。
