ELEGI Colt Research Laboratories, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
ELEGI Colt Research Laboratories, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Eur Respir J. 2014 Nov;44(5):1332-52. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00134014. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Ageing is associated with a progressive degeneration of the tissues, which has a negative impact on the structure and function of vital organs and is among the most important known risk factors for most chronic diseases. Since the proportion of the world's population aged >60 years will double in the next four decades, this will be accompanied by an increased incidence of chronic age-related diseases that will place a huge burden on healthcare resources. There is increasing evidence that many chronic inflammatory diseases represent an acceleration of the ageing process. Chronic pulmonary diseases represents an important component of the increasingly prevalent multiple chronic debilitating diseases, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly. The lungs age and it has been suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition of accelerated lung ageing and that ageing may provide a mechanistic link between COPD and many of its extrapulmonary effects and comorbidities. In this article we will describe the physiological changes and mechanisms of ageing, with particular focus on the pulmonary effects of ageing and how these may be relevant to the development of COPD and its major extrapulmonary manifestations.
衰老是组织逐渐退化的结果，对重要器官的结构和功能产生负面影响，是大多数慢性疾病最重要的已知风险因素之一。由于未来四十年世界上 60 岁以上人口的比例将翻一番，这将伴随着慢性与年龄相关疾病发病率的增加，这将给医疗保健资源带来巨大负担。越来越多的证据表明，许多慢性炎症性疾病代表着衰老过程的加速。慢性肺部疾病是日益流行的多种慢性衰弱性疾病的重要组成部分，这些疾病是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，尤其是在老年人中。肺部会衰老，有人提出慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是肺部加速衰老的一种疾病，衰老可能为 COPD 及其许多肺外作用和合并症之间提供了一种机制联系。在本文中，我们将描述衰老的生理变化和机制，特别关注衰老对肺部的影响，以及这些如何与 COPD 的发展及其主要的肺外表现相关。
