Ripps Harris, Chappell Richard L
Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL ; The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA.
The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA ; Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY.
Mol Vis. 2014 Jul 31;20:1067-74. eCollection 2014.
This review covers a broad range of topics related to the actions of zinc on the cells of the vertebrate retina. Much of this review relies on studies in which zinc was applied exogenously, and therefore the results, albeit highly suggestive, lack physiologic significance. This view stems from the fact that the concentrations of zinc used in these studies may not be encountered under the normal circumstances of life. This caveat is due to the lack of a zinc-specific probe with which to measure the concentrations of Zn(2+) that may be released from neurons or act upon them. However, a great deal of relevant information has been garnered from studies in which Zn(2+) was chelated, and the effects of its removal compared with findings obtained in its presence. For a more complete discussion of the consequences of depletion or excess in the body's trace elements, the reader is referred to a recent review by Ugarte et al. in which they provide a detailed account of the interactions, toxicity, and metabolic activity of the essential trace elements iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease. In addition, Smart et al. have published a splendid review on the modulation by zinc of inhibitory and excitatory amino acid receptor ion channels.
本综述涵盖了与锌对脊椎动物视网膜细胞作用相关的广泛主题。本综述的大部分内容依赖于外源应用锌的研究，因此，尽管结果极具启发性，但缺乏生理学意义。这种观点源于这样一个事实，即在这些研究中使用的锌浓度在正常生活环境中可能不会出现。这一警告是由于缺乏一种锌特异性探针来测量可能从神经元释放或作用于神经元的Zn(2+)浓度。然而，通过螯合Zn(2+)的研究以及将其去除后的效果与存在时的研究结果进行比较，已经获得了大量相关信息。关于体内微量元素缺乏或过量的后果的更完整讨论，读者可参考乌加特等人最近的一篇综述，其中他们详细阐述了必需微量元素铁、锌和铜在视网膜生理学和疾病中的相互作用、毒性和代谢活性。此外，斯马特等人发表了一篇关于锌对抑制性和兴奋性氨基酸受体离子通道调节作用的精彩综述。
