Mohammed Abdulaziz, Sabitu Kabir, Nguku Patrick, Abanida Emmanuel, Sheidu Sadik, Dalhat Mahmood, Dankoli Raymond, Gidado Saheed, Suleiman Idris
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jul 21;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):10. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.4187. eCollection 2014.
Nigeria, the only African country endemic for wild poliovirus, adopted Immunization Plus Days (IPD) to eradicate polio. Refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) by heads of households is a significant challenge. In Sokoto state, we determined characteristics of heads of households refusing OPV during IPD in 2011.
To evaluate reasons for refusals, we conducted a case control study among heads ofhouseholds accepting or refusing OPV vaccine. Noncompliant households were defined as households refusing OPV vaccination in last three rounds of IPDs while compliant households were those accepting vaccination. Interviewers administered a questionnaire to the heads of households to obtain information on socio-demographics, media habits, and knowledge of IPD.
Of the 121 (60 cases and 61 controls) interviews, 88 (73%) were from Sokoto north. Noncompliant heads of households were more likely to lack tertiary education (OR = 3.7, 95% CI, 1.6 - 9.2), believe that OPV is not safe (OR = 22, 95% CI, 7.1 - 76), lack access to functional radio (OR = 4.4, 95% CI, 1.4 - 15) and television (OR = 9.4, 95% CI, (1.9 - 63) andget information about IPD from town announcers (OR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.3 - 12).
We conclude that noncompliant heads of households compared to compliant heads of households had low level of education, lacked knowledge of immunization, and had negative attitude towards OPV. They get information about OPV from town announcers and lacked access to functional radio and television. We recommended training of town announcers in polio communication and use of key communication messages preceding every round of IPD.
尼日利亚是非洲唯一野生脊髓灰质炎病毒流行的国家，该国采用强化免疫日（IPD）来根除脊髓灰质炎。户主拒绝口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）是一项重大挑战。在索科托州，我们确定了2011年强化免疫日期间拒绝OPV的户主的特征。
为评估拒绝原因，我们在接受或拒绝OPV疫苗的户主中开展了一项病例对照研究。不依从家庭被定义为在过去三轮强化免疫日中拒绝OPV疫苗接种的家庭，而依从家庭则是接受疫苗接种的家庭。访谈员向户主发放问卷，以获取社会人口统计学、媒体习惯和强化免疫日知识等信息。
在121次访谈（60例病例和61例对照）中，88例（73%）来自索科托北部。不依从的户主更有可能未接受过高等教育（比值比[OR]=3.7，95%置信区间[CI]，1.6 - 9.2），认为OPV不安全（OR = 22，95% CI，7.1 - 76），无法收听正常广播（OR = 4.4，95% CI，1.4 - 15）和收看电视（OR = 9.4，95% CI，1.9 - 63），并从城镇播音员处获取强化免疫日信息（OR = 3.9，95% CI，1.3 - 12）。
我们得出结论，与依从的户主相比，不依从的户主教育水平较低，缺乏免疫知识，且对OPV持消极态度。他们从城镇播音员处获取OPV信息，且无法收听正常广播和收看电视。我们建议对城镇播音员进行脊髓灰质炎宣传培训，并在每轮强化免疫日前使用关键宣传信息。
