Thapa Narbada, Aryal Krishna Kumar, Puri Rupendra, Shrestha Saraswoti, Shrestha Sheela, Thapa Pukar, Mehata Suresh, Thapa Pushpa, Banjara Megha Raj, Stray-Pedersen Babill
Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 1;11(4):e0152535. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152535. eCollection 2016.
Alcohol chemically known as ethanol, causes several health, economic and social consequences across the world. Literatures suggest potential harm of alcohol drinking by pregnant women especially to the fetus and the mother. Despite a number of significant public health problems related to alcohol consumption, this area has been ignored in Nepal and information at the national level is limited. Thus this study aimed at finding the prevalence of alcohol consumption among married women of reproductive age.
A nationally representative household survey was carried out from April to August 2013 by taking 16 districts across all 15 eco administrative regions. From the selected districts, 86 village development committees and 14 municipalities were selected as primary sampling units using probability proportionate to size, followed by random selection of 3 wards from each primary sampling unit. Finally, 30 households within each ward were selected using systematic random sampling, and one married women of reproductive age from each household. A total of 9000 married women of reproductive age were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, on alcohol consumption practices including environmental factors and socio demographic characteristics and were included in the analysis.
National prevalence of alcohol consumption ever among married women of reproductive age was 24.7% (95% CI:21.7-28.0), last 12 months 17.9% (95% CI:15.3-20.7) and last 30 days (current drinking) 11.8% (95% CI:9.8-14.1). There was substantial variation among the districts ranging from 2% to 60%. Multivariable analysis suggests women with no education or within formal education, dalit and janajatis ethnicity, whose husbands drink alcohol, who brew alcohol at home and women from mountains were significantly at higher risk of consuming alcohol. Among the women who drank alcohol in last 12 months, a substantial proportion of them drank home brewed alcoholic beverages (95.9%, 95% CI:94.3-97.4).
Alcohol consumption was common practice among married women of reproductive age in Nepal with variation among the subgroups of population. Thus, further investigation and behavior change communication interventions to reduce alcohol consumption especially among the women with higher risk of drinking is essential.
酒精化学名称为乙醇，在全球造成了诸多健康、经济和社会后果。文献表明孕妇饮酒存在潜在危害，尤其是对胎儿和母亲。尽管与饮酒相关存在许多重大公共卫生问题，但尼泊尔在这方面一直被忽视，国家层面的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在查明育龄已婚妇女的饮酒率。
2013年4月至8月开展了一项具有全国代表性的家庭调查，涵盖所有15个生态行政区的16个区。从选定的区中，采用规模比例概率抽样法选取86个乡村发展委员会和14个市作为主要抽样单位，然后从每个主要抽样单位中随机选取3个选区。最后，在每个选区采用系统随机抽样法选取30户家庭，并从每户中选取一名育龄已婚妇女。总共9000名育龄已婚妇女接受了半结构化问卷调查，内容涉及饮酒习惯，包括环境因素和社会人口特征，并纳入分析。
育龄已婚妇女曾经饮酒的全国患病率为24.7%（95%置信区间：21.7 - 28.0），过去12个月为17.9%（9%置信区间：15.3 - 20.7），过去30天（当前饮酒）为11.8%（95%置信区间：9.8 - 14.1）。各区间患病率差异很大，从2%到60%不等。多变量分析表明，未受过教育或接受过正规教育的妇女、达利特和贾纳贾蒂族妇女、丈夫饮酒的妇女、在家酿酒的妇女以及山区妇女饮酒风险显著更高。在过去12个月饮酒的妇女中，很大一部分饮用自家酿造的酒精饮料（95.9%，95%置信区间：94.3 - 97.4）。
饮酒在尼泊尔育龄已婚妇女中是常见行为，不同人群亚组存在差异。因此，进一步开展调查并进行行为改变沟通干预以减少饮酒，尤其是在饮酒风险较高的妇女中，至关重要。
